Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptospori...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2009-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Health Geographics |
| Online Access: | http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/8/1/64 |
| _version_ | 1818082025721036800 |
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| author | Cloughley Richard Pelly Heidi Prendergast Martina Cormican Martin Callaghan Mary Hanahoe Belinda O'Donovan Diarmuid |
| author_facet | Cloughley Richard Pelly Heidi Prendergast Martina Cormican Martin Callaghan Mary Hanahoe Belinda O'Donovan Diarmuid |
| author_sort | Cloughley Richard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland in order to identify high risk seasons and areas and to compare Classically Calculated (CC) and Empirical Bayesian (EB) incidence rates. Two spatial scales of analysis were used with a view to identifying the best one in assessing geographical patterns of infection. Global Moran's I and Local Moran's I tests of autocorrelation were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were statistically significant seasonal patterns of cryptosporidiosis with peaks in spring and an increasing temporal trend. Significant (p < 0.05) global spatial clustering was observed in CC rates at the Electoral Division (ED) level but not in EB rates at the same level. Despite variations in disease, ED level was found to provide the most accurate account of distribution of cryptosporidiosis in the West of Ireland but required spatial EB smoothing of cases. There were a number of areas identified with significant local clustering of cryptosporidiosis rates.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study identified spatial and temporal patterns in cryptosporidiosis distribution. The study also showed benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualisation of spatial patterns. These findings are relevant in guiding policy decisions on disease control strategies.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4742603605f340c7949e15faad77c7c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-072X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2009-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Health Geographics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4742603605f340c7949e15faad77c7c02022-12-22T01:36:37ZengBMCInternational Journal of Health Geographics1476-072X2009-11-01816410.1186/1476-072X-8-64Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007Cloughley RichardPelly HeidiPrendergast MartinaCormican MartinCallaghan MaryHanahoe BelindaO'Donovan Diarmuid<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland in order to identify high risk seasons and areas and to compare Classically Calculated (CC) and Empirical Bayesian (EB) incidence rates. Two spatial scales of analysis were used with a view to identifying the best one in assessing geographical patterns of infection. Global Moran's I and Local Moran's I tests of autocorrelation were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were statistically significant seasonal patterns of cryptosporidiosis with peaks in spring and an increasing temporal trend. Significant (p < 0.05) global spatial clustering was observed in CC rates at the Electoral Division (ED) level but not in EB rates at the same level. Despite variations in disease, ED level was found to provide the most accurate account of distribution of cryptosporidiosis in the West of Ireland but required spatial EB smoothing of cases. There were a number of areas identified with significant local clustering of cryptosporidiosis rates.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study identified spatial and temporal patterns in cryptosporidiosis distribution. The study also showed benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualisation of spatial patterns. These findings are relevant in guiding policy decisions on disease control strategies.</p>http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/8/1/64 |
| spellingShingle | Cloughley Richard Pelly Heidi Prendergast Martina Cormican Martin Callaghan Mary Hanahoe Belinda O'Donovan Diarmuid Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 International Journal of Health Geographics |
| title | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
| title_full | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
| title_fullStr | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
| title_short | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
| title_sort | temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of ireland 2004 2007 |
| url | http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/8/1/64 |
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