Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstract Knowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2019-09-01
|
| Series: | Conservation Science and Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.88 |
| _version_ | 1828496779324162048 |
|---|---|
| author | Malene F. Hansen Ventie A. Nawangsari Floris M. vanBeest Niels M. Schmidt Agustin Fuentes Carl Traeholt Mikkel Stelvig Torben Dabelsteen |
| author_facet | Malene F. Hansen Ventie A. Nawangsari Floris M. vanBeest Niels M. Schmidt Agustin Fuentes Carl Traeholt Mikkel Stelvig Torben Dabelsteen |
| author_sort | Malene F. Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Knowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN SSC PSG) as both widespread and rapidly declining. Precise local density and abundance data are scarce across their range. To provide density and abundance estimates for a long‐tailed macaque population we conducted line transect distance sampling throughout Baluran National Park (250 km2), East Java, Indonesia covering all habitats. Long‐tailed macaque density was 41.4 ind/km2 (95% confidence interval, CI: 23.04–74.39), with an estimated abundance of 10,350 individuals (95% CI: 5,760–18,598). A density of 41.4 ind/km2 is lower than previous estimates for other sites in Java. Species distribution and habitat suitability analysis revealed a macaque preference for areas close to or on roads and trails, invasive acacia and/or native savannah. Long‐tailed macaques were provisioned with human food by commuters and tourists along roads and trails, probably structuring their distribution/habitat use. To evaluate if long‐tailed‐macaques have been overestimated for years, we also conducted a nonrandom point distance sampling survey according to macaque presence restricted to roads and trails. This survey provided density and abundance results much higher than the line transect distance sampling survey. Our study provides much needed baseline data for this species. Baluran National Park management and management in other areas can use these results to create informed management decisions regarding long‐tailed macaques. We recommend conducting systematic surveys of long‐tailed macaques throughout their range, and possibly reassessing conservation status, and conservation and management measures for long‐tailed macaques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T12:35:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4749b3a5a65e4988a0fc9a5348a2ad53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2578-4854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T12:35:49Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Conservation Science and Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-4749b3a5a65e4988a0fc9a5348a2ad532022-12-22T01:07:08ZengWileyConservation Science and Practice2578-48542019-09-0119n/an/a10.1111/csp2.88Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)Malene F. Hansen0Ventie A. Nawangsari1Floris M. vanBeest2Niels M. Schmidt3Agustin Fuentes4Carl Traeholt5Mikkel Stelvig6Torben Dabelsteen7Research and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg DenmarkResearch and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg DenmarkDepartment of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus DenmarkDepartment of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus DenmarkDepartment of Anthropology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IndianaResearch and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg DenmarkResearch and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg DenmarkDepartment of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DenmarkAbstract Knowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN SSC PSG) as both widespread and rapidly declining. Precise local density and abundance data are scarce across their range. To provide density and abundance estimates for a long‐tailed macaque population we conducted line transect distance sampling throughout Baluran National Park (250 km2), East Java, Indonesia covering all habitats. Long‐tailed macaque density was 41.4 ind/km2 (95% confidence interval, CI: 23.04–74.39), with an estimated abundance of 10,350 individuals (95% CI: 5,760–18,598). A density of 41.4 ind/km2 is lower than previous estimates for other sites in Java. Species distribution and habitat suitability analysis revealed a macaque preference for areas close to or on roads and trails, invasive acacia and/or native savannah. Long‐tailed macaques were provisioned with human food by commuters and tourists along roads and trails, probably structuring their distribution/habitat use. To evaluate if long‐tailed‐macaques have been overestimated for years, we also conducted a nonrandom point distance sampling survey according to macaque presence restricted to roads and trails. This survey provided density and abundance results much higher than the line transect distance sampling survey. Our study provides much needed baseline data for this species. Baluran National Park management and management in other areas can use these results to create informed management decisions regarding long‐tailed macaques. We recommend conducting systematic surveys of long‐tailed macaques throughout their range, and possibly reassessing conservation status, and conservation and management measures for long‐tailed macaques.https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.88abundanceline transectmanagementpoint distance samplingprotected areasspecies distribution models |
| spellingShingle | Malene F. Hansen Ventie A. Nawangsari Floris M. vanBeest Niels M. Schmidt Agustin Fuentes Carl Traeholt Mikkel Stelvig Torben Dabelsteen Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Conservation Science and Practice abundance line transect management point distance sampling protected areas species distribution models |
| title | Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_full | Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_fullStr | Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_short | Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_sort | estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species the long tailed macaque macaca fascicularis |
| topic | abundance line transect management point distance sampling protected areas species distribution models |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.88 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT malenefhansen estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT ventieanawangsari estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT florismvanbeest estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT nielsmschmidt estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT agustinfuentes estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT carltraeholt estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT mikkelstelvig estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis AT torbendabelsteen estimatingdensitiesandspatialdistributionofacommensalprimatespeciesthelongtailedmacaquemacacafascicularis |