Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes
The synthesis of inorganic nanotubes (INT) from layered compounds of a small size (<10 nm in diameter) and number of layers (<4) is not a trivial task. Calculations based on density functional tight-binding theory (DFTB) predict that under highly exergonic conditions, the reaction coul...
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MDPI AG
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Inorganics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/2/2/177 |
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| author | Volker Brüser Ronit Popovitz-Biro Ana Albu-Yaron Tommy Lorenz Gotthard Seifert Reshef Tenne Alla Zak |
| author_facet | Volker Brüser Ronit Popovitz-Biro Ana Albu-Yaron Tommy Lorenz Gotthard Seifert Reshef Tenne Alla Zak |
| author_sort | Volker Brüser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of inorganic nanotubes (INT) from layered compounds of a small size (<10 nm in diameter) and number of layers (<4) is not a trivial task. Calculations based on density functional tight-binding theory (DFTB) predict that under highly exergonic conditions, the reaction could be driven into a “window” of (meta-) stability, where 1–3-layer nanotubes will be formed. Indeed, in this study, single- to triple-wall WS2 nanotubes with a diameter of 3–7 nm and a length of 20–100 nm were produced by high-power plasma irradiation of multiwall WS2 nanotubes. As target materials, plane crystals (2H), quasi spherical nanoparticles (IF) and multiwall, 20–30 layers, WS2 nanotubes were assessed. Surprisingly, only INT-WS2 treated by plasma resulted in very small, and of a few layers, “daughter” nanotubules. The daughter nanotubes occur mostly attached to the outer surface of the predecessor, i.e., the multiwall “mother” nanotubes. They appear having either a common growth axis with the multiwall nanotube or tilted by approximately 30° or 60° with respect to its axis. This suggests that the daughter nanotubes are generated by exfoliation along specific crystallographic directions. A growth mechanism for the daughter nanotubes is proposed. High resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy (HRTEM/HRSEM) analyses revealed the distinctive nanoscale structures and helped elucidating their growth mechanism. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:28:45Z |
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| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Inorganics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4752091c28ff45e69cc9d61a924ade992022-12-22T03:00:31ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402014-04-012217719010.3390/inorganics2020177inorganics2020177Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall NanotubesVolker Brüser0Ronit Popovitz-Biro1Ana Albu-Yaron2Tommy Lorenz3Gotthard Seifert4Reshef Tenne5Alla Zak6Leibnitz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, IsraelPhysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse, 66b, 01062 Dresden, GermanyPhysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse, 66b, 01062 Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, IsraelFaculty of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 305, Holon 58102, IsraelThe synthesis of inorganic nanotubes (INT) from layered compounds of a small size (<10 nm in diameter) and number of layers (<4) is not a trivial task. Calculations based on density functional tight-binding theory (DFTB) predict that under highly exergonic conditions, the reaction could be driven into a “window” of (meta-) stability, where 1–3-layer nanotubes will be formed. Indeed, in this study, single- to triple-wall WS2 nanotubes with a diameter of 3–7 nm and a length of 20–100 nm were produced by high-power plasma irradiation of multiwall WS2 nanotubes. As target materials, plane crystals (2H), quasi spherical nanoparticles (IF) and multiwall, 20–30 layers, WS2 nanotubes were assessed. Surprisingly, only INT-WS2 treated by plasma resulted in very small, and of a few layers, “daughter” nanotubules. The daughter nanotubes occur mostly attached to the outer surface of the predecessor, i.e., the multiwall “mother” nanotubes. They appear having either a common growth axis with the multiwall nanotube or tilted by approximately 30° or 60° with respect to its axis. This suggests that the daughter nanotubes are generated by exfoliation along specific crystallographic directions. A growth mechanism for the daughter nanotubes is proposed. High resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy (HRTEM/HRSEM) analyses revealed the distinctive nanoscale structures and helped elucidating their growth mechanism.http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/2/2/177single-wall inorganic nanotubesgrowth mechanismmultiwall inorganic nanotubesWS2high power plasma ablationwindow of stability |
| spellingShingle | Volker Brüser Ronit Popovitz-Biro Ana Albu-Yaron Tommy Lorenz Gotthard Seifert Reshef Tenne Alla Zak Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes Inorganics single-wall inorganic nanotubes growth mechanism multiwall inorganic nanotubes WS2 high power plasma ablation window of stability |
| title | Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes |
| title_full | Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes |
| title_fullStr | Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes |
| title_short | Single- to Triple-Wall WS2 Nanotubes Obtained by High-Power Plasma Ablation of WS2 Multiwall Nanotubes |
| title_sort | single to triple wall ws2 nanotubes obtained by high power plasma ablation of ws2 multiwall nanotubes |
| topic | single-wall inorganic nanotubes growth mechanism multiwall inorganic nanotubes WS2 high power plasma ablation window of stability |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/2/2/177 |
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