Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids
The amelioration of photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems have garnered increased research interest lately, more so due to the discovery of the thermal property augmentation of nanofluids. The overarching goal of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of mono, hybrid, an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4434 |
| _version_ | 1827686565607899136 |
|---|---|
| author | Humphrey ADUN Mustapha Mukhtar Micheal Adedeji Terfa Agwa Kefas Hyelda Ibrahim Olusola Bamisile Mustafa Dagbasi |
| author_facet | Humphrey ADUN Mustapha Mukhtar Micheal Adedeji Terfa Agwa Kefas Hyelda Ibrahim Olusola Bamisile Mustafa Dagbasi |
| author_sort | Humphrey ADUN |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The amelioration of photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems have garnered increased research interest lately, more so due to the discovery of the thermal property augmentation of nanofluids. The overarching goal of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of mono, hybrid, and ternary hybrid nanofluids utilized as fluids for heat transfer applications and particularly as cooling mediums in PV/T applications. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanofluids are synthesized at 1% volume concentration using the two-step method. The zeta potential tests carried out showed that the fluids have high stability. The numerical model developed in this study was validated using real data culled from Cyprus International University. The findings in this study showed that the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ternary hybrid nanofluid and ZnO mono nanofluid were more efficient heat transfer fluids for the PV/T system. The optimum relative electrical PV/T efficiency against that of the PV is 8.13% while the electrical and thermal enhancement recorded in this study was 1.79% and 19.06%, respectively, measured for the ternary hybrid nanofluid based PV/T system. This present study shows that despite the limitation of pumping power and pressure drop associated with nanofluid in thermal systems, the close performance evaluation criterion values as compared with water is positive for practical utilization of nanofluid in PV/T systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:16:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4752d298d8264ed8b7eac6745a8d6216 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:16:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4752d298d8264ed8b7eac6745a8d62162023-11-22T05:32:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-07-011415443410.3390/en14154434Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid NanofluidsHumphrey ADUN0Mustapha Mukhtar1Micheal Adedeji2Terfa Agwa3Kefas Hyelda Ibrahim4Olusola Bamisile5Mustafa Dagbasi6Energy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 99238, TurkeySchool of Economics and Management, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, ChinaEnergy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 99238, TurkeyCivil Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 99010, TurkeyManagement Information Systems, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 99010, TurkeySchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaEnergy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, Mersin 99238, TurkeyThe amelioration of photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems have garnered increased research interest lately, more so due to the discovery of the thermal property augmentation of nanofluids. The overarching goal of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of mono, hybrid, and ternary hybrid nanofluids utilized as fluids for heat transfer applications and particularly as cooling mediums in PV/T applications. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanofluids are synthesized at 1% volume concentration using the two-step method. The zeta potential tests carried out showed that the fluids have high stability. The numerical model developed in this study was validated using real data culled from Cyprus International University. The findings in this study showed that the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ternary hybrid nanofluid and ZnO mono nanofluid were more efficient heat transfer fluids for the PV/T system. The optimum relative electrical PV/T efficiency against that of the PV is 8.13% while the electrical and thermal enhancement recorded in this study was 1.79% and 19.06%, respectively, measured for the ternary hybrid nanofluid based PV/T system. This present study shows that despite the limitation of pumping power and pressure drop associated with nanofluid in thermal systems, the close performance evaluation criterion values as compared with water is positive for practical utilization of nanofluid in PV/T systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4434photovoltaic/thermal systemelectrical efficiencythermal efficiencyternary nanofluidpressure droppump work |
| spellingShingle | Humphrey ADUN Mustapha Mukhtar Micheal Adedeji Terfa Agwa Kefas Hyelda Ibrahim Olusola Bamisile Mustafa Dagbasi Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids Energies photovoltaic/thermal system electrical efficiency thermal efficiency ternary nanofluid pressure drop pump work |
| title | Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids |
| title_full | Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids |
| title_short | Synthesis and Application of Ternary Nanofluid for Photovoltaic-Thermal System: Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance with Single and Hybrid Nanofluids |
| title_sort | synthesis and application of ternary nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal system comparative analysis of energy and exergy performance with single and hybrid nanofluids |
| topic | photovoltaic/thermal system electrical efficiency thermal efficiency ternary nanofluid pressure drop pump work |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4434 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT humphreyadun synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT mustaphamukhtar synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT michealadedeji synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT terfaagwa synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT kefashyeldaibrahim synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT olusolabamisile synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids AT mustafadagbasi synthesisandapplicationofternarynanofluidforphotovoltaicthermalsystemcomparativeanalysisofenergyandexergyperformancewithsingleandhybridnanofluids |