Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review
Cases with pituitary adenoma comprise 10–25% of intracranial neoplasm, being the third most common intracranial tumor, most of the adenomas are considered to be benign. About 35% of pituitary adenomas are invasive. This review summarized the known molecular basis of the invasiveness of pituitary ade...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00007/full |
| _version_ | 1818468507597144064 |
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| author | Qi Yang Xuejun Li |
| author_facet | Qi Yang Xuejun Li |
| author_sort | Qi Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cases with pituitary adenoma comprise 10–25% of intracranial neoplasm, being the third most common intracranial tumor, most of the adenomas are considered to be benign. About 35% of pituitary adenomas are invasive. This review summarized the known molecular basis of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. The study pointed out that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, pituitary tumor transforming gene, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, mainly MMP-2, and MMP-9) are core molecules responsible for the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. The reason is that these molecules have the ability to directly or indirectly induce cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, degradation, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. HIF-1α induced by hypoxia or apoplexy inside the adenoma might be the initiating factor of invasive transformation, followed with angiogenesis for overexpressed VEGF, EMT for overexpressed PTTG, degradation of ECM for overexpressed MMPs, creating a suitable microenvironment within the tumor. Together, they form a complex interactive network. More investigations are required to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:13:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-475f0a6509c6435f8363065fc12d3e75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:13:12Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-475f0a6509c6435f8363065fc12d3e752022-12-22T02:29:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922019-01-011010.3389/fendo.2019.00007421384Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A ReviewQi YangXuejun LiCases with pituitary adenoma comprise 10–25% of intracranial neoplasm, being the third most common intracranial tumor, most of the adenomas are considered to be benign. About 35% of pituitary adenomas are invasive. This review summarized the known molecular basis of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. The study pointed out that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, pituitary tumor transforming gene, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, mainly MMP-2, and MMP-9) are core molecules responsible for the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. The reason is that these molecules have the ability to directly or indirectly induce cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, degradation, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. HIF-1α induced by hypoxia or apoplexy inside the adenoma might be the initiating factor of invasive transformation, followed with angiogenesis for overexpressed VEGF, EMT for overexpressed PTTG, degradation of ECM for overexpressed MMPs, creating a suitable microenvironment within the tumor. Together, they form a complex interactive network. More investigations are required to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00007/fullangiogenesisendocrinologyinvasivenessmolecular networkpituitary adenoma |
| spellingShingle | Qi Yang Xuejun Li Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review Frontiers in Endocrinology angiogenesis endocrinology invasiveness molecular network pituitary adenoma |
| title | Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review |
| title_full | Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review |
| title_short | Molecular Network Basis of Invasive Pituitary Adenoma: A Review |
| title_sort | molecular network basis of invasive pituitary adenoma a review |
| topic | angiogenesis endocrinology invasiveness molecular network pituitary adenoma |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00007/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qiyang molecularnetworkbasisofinvasivepituitaryadenomaareview AT xuejunli molecularnetworkbasisofinvasivepituitaryadenomaareview |