Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site
The pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is mainly attributed to its capability to adjust to changes in environmental conditions, including those present on human skin or within a wound site. This study investigated the changes in the cytoplasmic and secreted proteins in <i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1082 |
| _version_ | 1827712732273573888 |
|---|---|
| author | Mousa M. Alreshidi R. Hugh Dunstan Margaret M. Macdonald Vineet K. Singh Tim K. Roberts |
| author_facet | Mousa M. Alreshidi R. Hugh Dunstan Margaret M. Macdonald Vineet K. Singh Tim K. Roberts |
| author_sort | Mousa M. Alreshidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is mainly attributed to its capability to adjust to changes in environmental conditions, including those present on human skin or within a wound site. This study investigated the changes in the cytoplasmic and secreted proteins in <i>S. aureus</i> that occurred in response to alterations in the environmental parameters that could be found in the human wound site. In total, sixty differentially regulated cytoplasmic proteins were detected using a label-free quantification approach, and these proteins were classified into ten molecular functions: protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, signal transduction, metabolism, cell cycle, transport, energy generation, cell anchorage, nucleotide biosynthesis and unknown. These changes represented characteristic protein profiles when evaluated by principal component analysis. The bacterium responded to elevated NaCl at pH 6 by decreasing the abundance of the majority of cytoplasmic proteins, while at pH 8 there was an increase in the levels of cytoplasmic proteins in comparison to the untreated cells. The analysis of the secreted proteins showed that there was a high degree of difference in both the intensity and the distribution of many individual protein bands in response to environmental challenges. From these results, it was deduced that specific metabolic homeostasis occurred under each combination of defined environmental conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4760020e29df44b99a30661b4e13d780 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-4760020e29df44b99a30661b4e13d7802023-11-20T07:21:40ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0187108210.3390/microorganisms8071082Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound SiteMousa M. Alreshidi0R. Hugh Dunstan1Margaret M. Macdonald2Vineet K. Singh3Tim K. Roberts4Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail P.O. 2440, Saudi ArabiaMetabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AustraliaMetabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AustraliaMicrobiology and Immunology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, 800 West Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USAMetabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AustraliaThe pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is mainly attributed to its capability to adjust to changes in environmental conditions, including those present on human skin or within a wound site. This study investigated the changes in the cytoplasmic and secreted proteins in <i>S. aureus</i> that occurred in response to alterations in the environmental parameters that could be found in the human wound site. In total, sixty differentially regulated cytoplasmic proteins were detected using a label-free quantification approach, and these proteins were classified into ten molecular functions: protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, signal transduction, metabolism, cell cycle, transport, energy generation, cell anchorage, nucleotide biosynthesis and unknown. These changes represented characteristic protein profiles when evaluated by principal component analysis. The bacterium responded to elevated NaCl at pH 6 by decreasing the abundance of the majority of cytoplasmic proteins, while at pH 8 there was an increase in the levels of cytoplasmic proteins in comparison to the untreated cells. The analysis of the secreted proteins showed that there was a high degree of difference in both the intensity and the distribution of many individual protein bands in response to environmental challenges. From these results, it was deduced that specific metabolic homeostasis occurred under each combination of defined environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1082<i>S. aureus</i>secreted proteinscytoplasmic proteinsstress response |
| spellingShingle | Mousa M. Alreshidi R. Hugh Dunstan Margaret M. Macdonald Vineet K. Singh Tim K. Roberts Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site Microorganisms <i>S. aureus</i> secreted proteins cytoplasmic proteins stress response |
| title | Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site |
| title_full | Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site |
| title_short | Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Secreted Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Revealed Adaptive Metabolic Homeostasis in Response to Changes in the Environmental Conditions Representative of the Human Wound Site |
| title_sort | analysis of cytoplasmic and secreted proteins of i staphylococcus aureus i revealed adaptive metabolic homeostasis in response to changes in the environmental conditions representative of the human wound site |
| topic | <i>S. aureus</i> secreted proteins cytoplasmic proteins stress response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1082 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mousamalreshidi analysisofcytoplasmicandsecretedproteinsofistaphylococcusaureusirevealedadaptivemetabolichomeostasisinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentalconditionsrepresentativeofthehumanwoundsite AT rhughdunstan analysisofcytoplasmicandsecretedproteinsofistaphylococcusaureusirevealedadaptivemetabolichomeostasisinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentalconditionsrepresentativeofthehumanwoundsite AT margaretmmacdonald analysisofcytoplasmicandsecretedproteinsofistaphylococcusaureusirevealedadaptivemetabolichomeostasisinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentalconditionsrepresentativeofthehumanwoundsite AT vineetksingh analysisofcytoplasmicandsecretedproteinsofistaphylococcusaureusirevealedadaptivemetabolichomeostasisinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentalconditionsrepresentativeofthehumanwoundsite AT timkroberts analysisofcytoplasmicandsecretedproteinsofistaphylococcusaureusirevealedadaptivemetabolichomeostasisinresponsetochangesintheenvironmentalconditionsrepresentativeofthehumanwoundsite |