Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines
Water pipe surface deterioration is the result of continuous electrochemical reactions attacking the surface due to the interaction of the pipe surface with environments through the time function. The study presents corrosion characterization at the surface and sub-surface of damaged ductile iron pi...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5877 |
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| author | Dessalegn Ahmed Yeshanew Moera Gutu Jiru Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Sarfaraz Kamangar Mesay Alemu Tolcha |
| author_facet | Dessalegn Ahmed Yeshanew Moera Gutu Jiru Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Sarfaraz Kamangar Mesay Alemu Tolcha |
| author_sort | Dessalegn Ahmed Yeshanew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water pipe surface deterioration is the result of continuous electrochemical reactions attacking the surface due to the interaction of the pipe surface with environments through the time function. The study presents corrosion characterization at the surface and sub-surface of damaged ductile iron pipe (DIP) and galvanized steel (GS) pipes which served for more than 40 and 20 years, respectively. The samples were obtained from Addis Ababa city water distribution system for the analysis of corrosion morphology patterns at different surface layers. Mountains 8.2 surface analysis software was utilized based on the ISO 25178-2 watershed segmentation method to investigate corrosion features of damaged pipe surface and to evaluate maximum pit depth, area, and volume in-situ condition. Based on the analysis maximum values of pit depth, area and volume were 380 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> m, 4000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>2</sup>, and 200,000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, after 25% loss of the original 8 mm thickness of DIP. Similarly, the pit depth of the GS pipe was 390 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> whereas the maximum pit area and volume are 4000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>2</sup> and 16,000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. In addition, characterizations of new pipes were evaluated to study microstructures by using an optical microscope (OM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze corrosion morphologies. Based on the SEM analysis, cracks were observed at the sub-surface layer of the pipes. The results show that uniform corrosion attacked the external pipe surface whereas pitting corrosion damaged the subsurface of pipes. The output of this study will be utilized by water suppliers and industries to investigate corrosion phenomena at any damage stage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:55:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4765cbcb5ee54024b426be3dd96b9999 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:55:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4765cbcb5ee54024b426be3dd96b99992023-11-22T16:28:33ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-10-011419587710.3390/ma14195877Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water PipelinesDessalegn Ahmed Yeshanew0Moera Gutu Jiru1Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed2Irfan Anjum Badruddin3Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar4Sarfaraz Kamangar5Mesay Alemu Tolcha6Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, ADAMA Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, EthiopiaProgram of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, ADAMA Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, EthiopiaProgram of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering (So-M-C-M-E), ADAMA Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, EthiopiaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, SH-47, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh 247121, IndiaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, EthiopiaWater pipe surface deterioration is the result of continuous electrochemical reactions attacking the surface due to the interaction of the pipe surface with environments through the time function. The study presents corrosion characterization at the surface and sub-surface of damaged ductile iron pipe (DIP) and galvanized steel (GS) pipes which served for more than 40 and 20 years, respectively. The samples were obtained from Addis Ababa city water distribution system for the analysis of corrosion morphology patterns at different surface layers. Mountains 8.2 surface analysis software was utilized based on the ISO 25178-2 watershed segmentation method to investigate corrosion features of damaged pipe surface and to evaluate maximum pit depth, area, and volume in-situ condition. Based on the analysis maximum values of pit depth, area and volume were 380 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> m, 4000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>2</sup>, and 200,000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, after 25% loss of the original 8 mm thickness of DIP. Similarly, the pit depth of the GS pipe was 390 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> whereas the maximum pit area and volume are 4000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>2</sup> and 16,000 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. In addition, characterizations of new pipes were evaluated to study microstructures by using an optical microscope (OM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze corrosion morphologies. Based on the SEM analysis, cracks were observed at the sub-surface layer of the pipes. The results show that uniform corrosion attacked the external pipe surface whereas pitting corrosion damaged the subsurface of pipes. The output of this study will be utilized by water suppliers and industries to investigate corrosion phenomena at any damage stage.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5877corrosion damageiron pipessurface characterizationcorrosion mechanismsimage processing |
| spellingShingle | Dessalegn Ahmed Yeshanew Moera Gutu Jiru Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar Sarfaraz Kamangar Mesay Alemu Tolcha Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines Materials corrosion damage iron pipes surface characterization corrosion mechanisms image processing |
| title | Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines |
| title_full | Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines |
| title_fullStr | Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines |
| title_short | Corrosion Characterization at Surface and Subsurface of Iron-Based Buried Water Pipelines |
| title_sort | corrosion characterization at surface and subsurface of iron based buried water pipelines |
| topic | corrosion damage iron pipes surface characterization corrosion mechanisms image processing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5877 |
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