Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies
Background: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/127 |
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| author | Eva Gunde Kálmán Czeibert Anna Gábor Dóra Szabó Anna Kis Attila Arany-Tóth Attila Andics Márta Gácsi Enikő Kubinyi |
| author_facet | Eva Gunde Kálmán Czeibert Anna Gábor Dóra Szabó Anna Kis Attila Arany-Tóth Attila Andics Márta Gácsi Enikő Kubinyi |
| author_sort | Eva Gunde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive abilities over time (thus avoiding the use of anaesthetics, which can alter the pressure). Our research question was whether ventricular enlargement developing over time would have any detrimental effect on staying still while being scanned; which can be extrapolated to the ability to pay attention and to exert inhibition. Methods: Seven healthy dogs, 2–8 years old at the baseline scan and 4 years older at rescan, participated in a rigorous and gradual training for staying motionless (<2 mm) in the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner without any sedation during 6 minute-long structural MR sequences. On T1 structural images, volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles were completed by software guided semi-automated tissue-type segmentations performed with FMRIB Software Library (FSL, Analysis Group, Oxford, UK). Results and conclusion: We report significant enlargement for both ventricles (left: 47.46 %, right: 46.07 %) over time while dogs retained high levels of attention and inhibition. The results suggest that even considerable ventricular enlargement arising during normal aging does not necessarily reflect observable pathological changes in behavior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:33:49Z |
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| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:33:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4773d92b40444718acf831638964ea422023-11-20T12:34:41ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812020-09-017312710.3390/vetsci7030127Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) StudiesEva Gunde0Kálmán Czeibert1Anna Gábor2Dóra Szabó3Anna Kis4Attila Arany-Tóth5Attila Andics6Márta Gácsi7Enikő Kubinyi8Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryPsychobiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, HungaryBackground: Recent studies suggest that clinically sound ventriculomegaly in dogs could be a preliminary form of the clinically significant hydrocephalus. We evaluated changes of ventricular volumes in awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) trained dogs with indirectly assessed cognitive abilities over time (thus avoiding the use of anaesthetics, which can alter the pressure). Our research question was whether ventricular enlargement developing over time would have any detrimental effect on staying still while being scanned; which can be extrapolated to the ability to pay attention and to exert inhibition. Methods: Seven healthy dogs, 2–8 years old at the baseline scan and 4 years older at rescan, participated in a rigorous and gradual training for staying motionless (<2 mm) in the magnetic resonance (MR) scanner without any sedation during 6 minute-long structural MR sequences. On T1 structural images, volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles were completed by software guided semi-automated tissue-type segmentations performed with FMRIB Software Library (FSL, Analysis Group, Oxford, UK). Results and conclusion: We report significant enlargement for both ventricles (left: 47.46 %, right: 46.07 %) over time while dogs retained high levels of attention and inhibition. The results suggest that even considerable ventricular enlargement arising during normal aging does not necessarily reflect observable pathological changes in behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/127awake canine neuroimagingventriculomegalyhydrocephalusattentionbrainMRI |
| spellingShingle | Eva Gunde Kálmán Czeibert Anna Gábor Dóra Szabó Anna Kis Attila Arany-Tóth Attila Andics Márta Gácsi Enikő Kubinyi Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies Veterinary Sciences awake canine neuroimaging ventriculomegaly hydrocephalus attention brain MRI |
| title | Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies |
| title_full | Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies |
| title_short | Longitudinal Volumetric Assessment of Ventricular Enlargement in Pet Dogs Trained for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies |
| title_sort | longitudinal volumetric assessment of ventricular enlargement in pet dogs trained for functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri studies |
| topic | awake canine neuroimaging ventriculomegaly hydrocephalus attention brain MRI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/127 |
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