Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales
The use of micro- and nanoparticles is gaining more and more importance because of their wide range of uses and benefits based on their unique mechanical, physical, electrical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In recent decades, supercritical fluid technologies have strongly emerged as...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5508 |
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| author | F. Ruiz-Jorge J. R. Portela J. Sánchez-Oneto E. J. Martínez de la Ossa |
| author_facet | F. Ruiz-Jorge J. R. Portela J. Sánchez-Oneto E. J. Martínez de la Ossa |
| author_sort | F. Ruiz-Jorge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of micro- and nanoparticles is gaining more and more importance because of their wide range of uses and benefits based on their unique mechanical, physical, electrical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In recent decades, supercritical fluid technologies have strongly emerged as an effective alternative to other numerous particle generation processes, mainly thanks to the peculiar properties exhibited by supercritical fluids. Carbon dioxide and water have so far been two of the most commonly used fluids for particle generation, the former being the fluid par excellence in this field, mainly, because it offers the possibility of precipitating thermolabile particles. Nevertheless, the use of high-pressure and -temperature water opens an innovative and very interesting field of study, especially with regards to the precipitation of particles that could hardly be precipitated when CO<sub>2</sub> is used, such as metal particles with a considerable value in the market. This review describes an innovative method to obtain micro- and nanoparticles: hydrothermal synthesis by means of near and supercritical water. It also describes the differences between this method and other conventional procedures, the most currently active research centers, the types of particles synthesized, the techniques to evaluate the products obtained, the main operating parameters, the types of reactors, and amongst them, the most significant and the most frequently used, the scaling-up studies under progress, and the milestones to be reached in the coming years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:43:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-477905e287e241918b2f76a8af1a7d07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:43:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-477905e287e241918b2f76a8af1a7d072023-11-20T09:36:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-08-011016550810.3390/app10165508Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger ScalesF. Ruiz-Jorge0J. R. Portela1J. Sánchez-Oneto2E. J. Martínez de la Ossa3Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), SpainThe use of micro- and nanoparticles is gaining more and more importance because of their wide range of uses and benefits based on their unique mechanical, physical, electrical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In recent decades, supercritical fluid technologies have strongly emerged as an effective alternative to other numerous particle generation processes, mainly thanks to the peculiar properties exhibited by supercritical fluids. Carbon dioxide and water have so far been two of the most commonly used fluids for particle generation, the former being the fluid par excellence in this field, mainly, because it offers the possibility of precipitating thermolabile particles. Nevertheless, the use of high-pressure and -temperature water opens an innovative and very interesting field of study, especially with regards to the precipitation of particles that could hardly be precipitated when CO<sub>2</sub> is used, such as metal particles with a considerable value in the market. This review describes an innovative method to obtain micro- and nanoparticles: hydrothermal synthesis by means of near and supercritical water. It also describes the differences between this method and other conventional procedures, the most currently active research centers, the types of particles synthesized, the techniques to evaluate the products obtained, the main operating parameters, the types of reactors, and amongst them, the most significant and the most frequently used, the scaling-up studies under progress, and the milestones to be reached in the coming years.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5508hydrothermal synthesissupercritical fluids technologyparticle synthesissubcritical and supercritical watermicro- and nanoparticlesscale-up |
| spellingShingle | F. Ruiz-Jorge J. R. Portela J. Sánchez-Oneto E. J. Martínez de la Ossa Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales Applied Sciences hydrothermal synthesis supercritical fluids technology particle synthesis subcritical and supercritical water micro- and nanoparticles scale-up |
| title | Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales |
| title_full | Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales |
| title_short | Synthesis of Micro- and Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water: From the Laboratory to Larger Scales |
| title_sort | synthesis of micro and nanoparticles in sub and supercritical water from the laboratory to larger scales |
| topic | hydrothermal synthesis supercritical fluids technology particle synthesis subcritical and supercritical water micro- and nanoparticles scale-up |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5508 |
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