NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations
Abstract The rapid global spread and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has provided the virus with numerous opportunities to develop several variants. Thus, it is critical to determine the degree of the variations and in which part of the virus those variations occurred. Therefore, in this study, methods...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Bioinformatics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04718-7 |
| _version_ | 1811341096926576640 |
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| author | Juhyeon Kim Saeyeon Cheon Insung Ahn |
| author_facet | Juhyeon Kim Saeyeon Cheon Insung Ahn |
| author_sort | Juhyeon Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The rapid global spread and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has provided the virus with numerous opportunities to develop several variants. Thus, it is critical to determine the degree of the variations and in which part of the virus those variations occurred. Therefore, in this study, methods that could be used to vectorize the sequence data, perform clustering analysis, and visualize the results were proposed using machine learning methods. To conduct this study, a total of 224,073 cases of SARS-CoV-2 sequence data were collected through NCBI and GISAID, and the data were visualized using dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis models such as T-SNE and DBSCAN. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first detected, was distinguished from different variations, including Omicron and Delta, in the cluster results. Furthermore, it was possible to examine which codon changes in the spike protein caused the variants to be distinguished using feature importance extraction models such as Random Forest or Shapely Value. The proposed method has the advantage of being able to analyse and visualize a large amount of data at once compared to the existing tree-based sequence data analysis. The proposed method was able to identify and visualize significant changes between the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and the newly formed mutant virus group. As a result of clustering analysis using sequence data, it was possible to confirm the formation of clusters among various variants in a two-dimensional graph, and by extracting the importance of variables, it was possible to confirm which codon changes played a major role in distinguishing variants. Furthermore, since the proposed method can handle a variety of data sequences, it can be used for all kinds of diseases, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the proposed method has the potential to become widely used for the effective analysis of disease variations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:51:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-477c2ad67965430784e81f6ec1fdfc2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:51:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Bioinformatics |
| spelling | doaj.art-477c2ad67965430784e81f6ec1fdfc2f2022-12-22T02:34:24ZengBMCBMC Bioinformatics1471-21052022-05-0123112410.1186/s12859-022-04718-7NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variationsJuhyeon Kim0Saeyeon Cheon1Insung Ahn2Department of Data-Centric Problem Solving Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology InformationApplied Artificial Intelligence Major, University of Science & TechnologyDepartment of Data-Centric Problem Solving Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology InformationAbstract The rapid global spread and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has provided the virus with numerous opportunities to develop several variants. Thus, it is critical to determine the degree of the variations and in which part of the virus those variations occurred. Therefore, in this study, methods that could be used to vectorize the sequence data, perform clustering analysis, and visualize the results were proposed using machine learning methods. To conduct this study, a total of 224,073 cases of SARS-CoV-2 sequence data were collected through NCBI and GISAID, and the data were visualized using dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis models such as T-SNE and DBSCAN. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first detected, was distinguished from different variations, including Omicron and Delta, in the cluster results. Furthermore, it was possible to examine which codon changes in the spike protein caused the variants to be distinguished using feature importance extraction models such as Random Forest or Shapely Value. The proposed method has the advantage of being able to analyse and visualize a large amount of data at once compared to the existing tree-based sequence data analysis. The proposed method was able to identify and visualize significant changes between the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and the newly formed mutant virus group. As a result of clustering analysis using sequence data, it was possible to confirm the formation of clusters among various variants in a two-dimensional graph, and by extracting the importance of variables, it was possible to confirm which codon changes played a major role in distinguishing variants. Furthermore, since the proposed method can handle a variety of data sequences, it can be used for all kinds of diseases, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the proposed method has the potential to become widely used for the effective analysis of disease variations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04718-7SARS-CoV-2Protein sequence analysisSequence data pre-processt-Stochastic neighbour embeddingDensity based spatial clustering of applications with noiseClustering |
| spellingShingle | Juhyeon Kim Saeyeon Cheon Insung Ahn NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations BMC Bioinformatics SARS-CoV-2 Protein sequence analysis Sequence data pre-process t-Stochastic neighbour embedding Density based spatial clustering of applications with noise Clustering |
| title | NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations |
| title_full | NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations |
| title_fullStr | NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations |
| title_full_unstemmed | NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations |
| title_short | NGS data vectorization, clustering, and finding key codons in SARS-CoV-2 variations |
| title_sort | ngs data vectorization clustering and finding key codons in sars cov 2 variations |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Protein sequence analysis Sequence data pre-process t-Stochastic neighbour embedding Density based spatial clustering of applications with noise Clustering |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-022-04718-7 |
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