Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date
Jay H Shubrook,1 Babak Baradar Bokaie,2 Sarah E Adkins31Primary Care Department, Clinical Research and Diabetes Services, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA; 2The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; 3Pharmacy Practice and Administr...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/empagliflozin-in-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-evidence-to-date-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
| _version_ | 1818135679810404352 |
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| author | Shubrook JH Baradar Bokaie B Adkins SE |
| author_facet | Shubrook JH Baradar Bokaie B Adkins SE |
| author_sort | Shubrook JH |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jay H Shubrook,1 Babak Baradar Bokaie,2 Sarah E Adkins31Primary Care Department, Clinical Research and Diabetes Services, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA; 2The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; 3Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Athens, OH, USA Abstract: In the last decade, researchers have gained a greater understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes as a chronic and progressive disease. One of the more recent treatment targets is the kidney. The kidneys become maladaptive in diabetes by increasing the reabsorption of glucose above the normal physiologic renal threshold. This discovery has led to the development of the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2). These agents readjust the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption to a lower level and decrease glucose reabsorption, while increasing urinary glucose when the glucose is above the renal threshold and subsequently lowering plasma glucose. The mechanism of action of the SGLT2 inhibitors is insulin independent, which makes them a novel treatment of diabetes. At the time of preparation of this manuscript, there were three SGLT2 inhibitors available in the US. This manuscript focuses on empagliflozin, the newest SGLT2 inhibitor, the trials in its development, and the clinical data available to date. Further, the authors propose future applications of empagliflozin, including in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and its potential role in renoprotection. Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, empagliflozin, type 2 diabetes, kidneys, type 1 diabetes, glucosuria |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:28:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-478e576335e74fb79789dfb18de28064 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1177-8881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:28:21Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-478e576335e74fb79789dfb18de280642022-12-22T01:13:04ZengDove Medical PressDrug Design, Development and Therapy1177-88812015-10-012015default5793580324389Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to dateShubrook JHBaradar Bokaie BAdkins SEJay H Shubrook,1 Babak Baradar Bokaie,2 Sarah E Adkins31Primary Care Department, Clinical Research and Diabetes Services, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA; 2The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; 3Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Athens, OH, USA Abstract: In the last decade, researchers have gained a greater understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes as a chronic and progressive disease. One of the more recent treatment targets is the kidney. The kidneys become maladaptive in diabetes by increasing the reabsorption of glucose above the normal physiologic renal threshold. This discovery has led to the development of the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2). These agents readjust the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption to a lower level and decrease glucose reabsorption, while increasing urinary glucose when the glucose is above the renal threshold and subsequently lowering plasma glucose. The mechanism of action of the SGLT2 inhibitors is insulin independent, which makes them a novel treatment of diabetes. At the time of preparation of this manuscript, there were three SGLT2 inhibitors available in the US. This manuscript focuses on empagliflozin, the newest SGLT2 inhibitor, the trials in its development, and the clinical data available to date. Further, the authors propose future applications of empagliflozin, including in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and its potential role in renoprotection. Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, empagliflozin, type 2 diabetes, kidneys, type 1 diabetes, glucosuriahttps://www.dovepress.com/empagliflozin-in-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-evidence-to-date-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
| spellingShingle | Shubrook JH Baradar Bokaie B Adkins SE Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date Drug Design, Development and Therapy |
| title | Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date |
| title_full | Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date |
| title_fullStr | Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date |
| title_full_unstemmed | Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date |
| title_short | Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evidence to date |
| title_sort | empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes evidence to date |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/empagliflozin-in-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-evidence-to-date-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT |
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