Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic int...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10073 |
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| author | Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata Sylwia Gul-Hinc Anna Ronowska Andrzej Szutowicz |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata Sylwia Gul-Hinc Anna Ronowska Andrzej Szutowicz |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47a2632bd3f34dc78554abbd6391cbb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-47a2632bd3f34dc78554abbd6391cbb42023-11-23T13:22:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123171007310.3390/ijms231710073Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased BrainAgnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy0Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata1Sylwia Gul-Hinc2Anna Ronowska3Andrzej Szutowicz4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, PolandThe human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10073acetyl-CoA metabolismneurodegenerative diseaseszinc dyshomeostasisthiamine deficiencyaging |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata Sylwia Gul-Hinc Anna Ronowska Andrzej Szutowicz Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain International Journal of Molecular Sciences acetyl-CoA metabolism neurodegenerative diseases zinc dyshomeostasis thiamine deficiency aging |
| title | Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_full | Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_short | Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain |
| title_sort | metabolic and cellular compartments of acetyl coa in the healthy and diseased brain |
| topic | acetyl-CoA metabolism neurodegenerative diseases zinc dyshomeostasis thiamine deficiency aging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10073 |
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