CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model
Background: Colon-liver metastasis is observed in approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer and is a critical risk factor for a low survival rate. Several clinical studies have reported that colon-liver metastasis is accelerated by pathological hepatic microenvironments such as hepatic st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.906752/full |
| _version_ | 1811282742757818368 |
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| author | Sung-Bae Lee Seung-Ju Hwang Chang-Gue Son |
| author_facet | Sung-Bae Lee Seung-Ju Hwang Chang-Gue Son |
| author_sort | Sung-Bae Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Colon-liver metastasis is observed in approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer and is a critical risk factor for a low survival rate. Several clinical studies have reported that colon-liver metastasis is accelerated by pathological hepatic microenvironments such as hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Chunggan syrup (CGX), a standardized 13-herbal mixture, has been prescribed to patients with chronic liver diseases, including fatty liver, inflammation and fibrotic change, based on preclinical and clinical evidence.Aim of the study: In the present study, we investigated anti-liver metastatic the effects of CGX in a murine colon carcinoma (MC38)-splenic injection mouse model.Materials and methods: C57BL/6N mice were administered with CGX (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) for 14 days before or after MC38-splenic injection under normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed conditions. Also, above experiment was repeated without MC38-splenic injection to explore underlying mechanism.Results: The number of tumor nodules and liver weight with tumors were sup-pressed by preadministration of CGX in both normal and HFD fed mice. Regarding its mechanisms, we found that CGX administration significantly activated epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), but decreased vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in hepatic tissues under MC38-free conditions. In addition, CGX administration significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, via modulation of lipolytic and lipogenic molecules, including activated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARα).Conclusion: The present data indicate that CGX exerts an anti-colon-liver metastatic property via modulation of hepatic lipid related microenvironments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47a858019435469cb8e40d718cc786f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-47a858019435469cb8e40d718cc786f22022-12-22T03:07:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-08-011310.3389/fphar.2022.906752906752CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse modelSung-Bae LeeSeung-Ju HwangChang-Gue SonBackground: Colon-liver metastasis is observed in approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer and is a critical risk factor for a low survival rate. Several clinical studies have reported that colon-liver metastasis is accelerated by pathological hepatic microenvironments such as hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Chunggan syrup (CGX), a standardized 13-herbal mixture, has been prescribed to patients with chronic liver diseases, including fatty liver, inflammation and fibrotic change, based on preclinical and clinical evidence.Aim of the study: In the present study, we investigated anti-liver metastatic the effects of CGX in a murine colon carcinoma (MC38)-splenic injection mouse model.Materials and methods: C57BL/6N mice were administered with CGX (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) for 14 days before or after MC38-splenic injection under normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed conditions. Also, above experiment was repeated without MC38-splenic injection to explore underlying mechanism.Results: The number of tumor nodules and liver weight with tumors were sup-pressed by preadministration of CGX in both normal and HFD fed mice. Regarding its mechanisms, we found that CGX administration significantly activated epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), but decreased vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in hepatic tissues under MC38-free conditions. In addition, CGX administration significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, via modulation of lipolytic and lipogenic molecules, including activated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARα).Conclusion: The present data indicate that CGX exerts an anti-colon-liver metastatic property via modulation of hepatic lipid related microenvironments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.906752/fullcolon-liver metastasishepatic microenvironmentchuggan syrup (CGX)herbal medicinehepatic steatosis |
| spellingShingle | Sung-Bae Lee Seung-Ju Hwang Chang-Gue Son CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model Frontiers in Pharmacology colon-liver metastasis hepatic microenvironment chuggan syrup (CGX) herbal medicine hepatic steatosis |
| title | CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| title_full | CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| title_fullStr | CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| title_full_unstemmed | CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| title_short | CGX, a standardized herbal syrup, inhibits colon-liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| title_sort | cgx a standardized herbal syrup inhibits colon liver metastasis by regulating the hepatic microenvironments in a splenic injection mouse model |
| topic | colon-liver metastasis hepatic microenvironment chuggan syrup (CGX) herbal medicine hepatic steatosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.906752/full |
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