Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by complex genetic and prognostic heterogeneity. Gain or amplification of chromosome arm 1q21 (1q21+) is the most frequent adverse chromosomal aberration in MM, occurring in 40% of patients at diagn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/256 |
| _version_ | 1797412898319892480 |
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| author | Ichiro Hanamura |
| author_facet | Ichiro Hanamura |
| author_sort | Ichiro Hanamura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by complex genetic and prognostic heterogeneity. Gain or amplification of chromosome arm 1q21 (1q21+) is the most frequent adverse chromosomal aberration in MM, occurring in 40% of patients at diagnosis. It occurs in a subclone of the tumor as a secondary genomic event and is more amplified as the tumor progresses and a risk factor for the progression from smoldering multiple myeloma to MM. It can be divided into either 1q21 gain (3 copies) or 1q21 amplification (≥4 copies), and it has been suggested that the prognosis is worse in cases of amplification than gain. Trisomy of chromosome 1, jumping whole-arm translocations of chromosome1q, and tandem duplications lead to 1q21+ suggesting that its occurrence is not consistent at the genomic level. Many studies have reported that genes associated with the malignant phenotype of MM are situated on the 1q21 amplicon, including <i>CKS1B</i>, <i>PSMD4</i>, <i>MCL1</i>, <i>ANP32E</i>, and others. In this paper, we review the current knowledge regarding the clinical features, prognostic implications, and the speculated pathology of 1q21+ in MM, which can provide clues for an effective treatment approach to MM patients with 1q21+. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47acc978204a478da974ae30f18f7853 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-47acc978204a478da974ae30f18f78532023-12-03T12:50:58ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-01-0113225610.3390/cancers13020256Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple MyelomaIchiro Hanamura0Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1, Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, JapanMultiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by complex genetic and prognostic heterogeneity. Gain or amplification of chromosome arm 1q21 (1q21+) is the most frequent adverse chromosomal aberration in MM, occurring in 40% of patients at diagnosis. It occurs in a subclone of the tumor as a secondary genomic event and is more amplified as the tumor progresses and a risk factor for the progression from smoldering multiple myeloma to MM. It can be divided into either 1q21 gain (3 copies) or 1q21 amplification (≥4 copies), and it has been suggested that the prognosis is worse in cases of amplification than gain. Trisomy of chromosome 1, jumping whole-arm translocations of chromosome1q, and tandem duplications lead to 1q21+ suggesting that its occurrence is not consistent at the genomic level. Many studies have reported that genes associated with the malignant phenotype of MM are situated on the 1q21 amplicon, including <i>CKS1B</i>, <i>PSMD4</i>, <i>MCL1</i>, <i>ANP32E</i>, and others. In this paper, we review the current knowledge regarding the clinical features, prognostic implications, and the speculated pathology of 1q21+ in MM, which can provide clues for an effective treatment approach to MM patients with 1q21+.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/256multiple myeloma1q21chromosomal instability of 1q12<i>CKS1B</i><i>MCL1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ichiro Hanamura Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma Cancers multiple myeloma 1q21 chromosomal instability of 1q12 <i>CKS1B</i> <i>MCL1</i> |
| title | Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full | Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_fullStr | Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_short | Gain/Amplification of Chromosome Arm 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_sort | gain amplification of chromosome arm 1q21 in multiple myeloma |
| topic | multiple myeloma 1q21 chromosomal instability of 1q12 <i>CKS1B</i> <i>MCL1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/256 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ichirohanamura gainamplificationofchromosomearm1q21inmultiplemyeloma |