The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2041 |
| _version_ | 1797438445407174656 |
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| author | Jakub Dobroch Klaudia Bojczuk Adrian Kołakowski Marta Baczewska Paweł Knapp |
| author_facet | Jakub Dobroch Klaudia Bojczuk Adrian Kołakowski Marta Baczewska Paweł Knapp |
| author_sort | Jakub Dobroch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines—a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis—constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal–mesenchymal transition. The CCL2–CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10–CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47b6d8258ecc47358546bb12c2e61ad3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-47b6d8258ecc47358546bb12c2e61ad32023-11-30T23:38:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01277204110.3390/molecules27072041The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial CancerJakub Dobroch0Klaudia Bojczuk1Adrian Kołakowski2Marta Baczewska3Paweł Knapp4Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, PolandEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines—a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis—constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal–mesenchymal transition. The CCL2–CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10–CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2041endometrial cancerchemokinesinflammationcancer treatmentcancer progression |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Dobroch Klaudia Bojczuk Adrian Kołakowski Marta Baczewska Paweł Knapp The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer Molecules endometrial cancer chemokines inflammation cancer treatment cancer progression |
| title | The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer |
| title_full | The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer |
| title_fullStr | The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer |
| title_short | The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer |
| title_sort | exploration of chemokines importance in the pathogenesis and development of endometrial cancer |
| topic | endometrial cancer chemokines inflammation cancer treatment cancer progression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2041 |
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