Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin
Aboveground biomass (AGB) serves as a crucial measure of ecosystem productivity and carbon storage in alpine grasslands, playing a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of the carbon cycle and the impacts of climate change on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. This study utilized Google Earth Engine t...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/686 |
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| author | Yamin Wu Jingyi Zhao Ji Chen Yaonan Zhang Bin Yang Shen Ma Jianfang Kang Yanggang Zhao Zhenggong Miao |
| author_facet | Yamin Wu Jingyi Zhao Ji Chen Yaonan Zhang Bin Yang Shen Ma Jianfang Kang Yanggang Zhao Zhenggong Miao |
| author_sort | Yamin Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aboveground biomass (AGB) serves as a crucial measure of ecosystem productivity and carbon storage in alpine grasslands, playing a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of the carbon cycle and the impacts of climate change on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. This study utilized Google Earth Engine to amalgamate Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and applied the Random Forest algorithm to estimate the spatial distribution of AGB in the alpine grasslands of the Beiliu River Basin in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau permafrost zone during the 2022 growing season. Additionally, the geodetector technique was employed to identify the primary drivers of AGB distribution. The results indicated that the random forest model, which incorporated the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and the normalized burn ratio index (NBR2), demonstrated robust performance in regards to AGB estimation, achieving an average coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.76 and a root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>) of 70 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The average AGB for alpine meadows was determined to be 285 g/m<sup>2</sup>, while for alpine steppes, it was 204 g/m<sup>2</sup>, both surpassing the regional averages in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The spatial pattern of AGB was primarily driven by grassland type and soil moisture, with q-values of 0.63 and 0.52, and the active layer thickness (ALT) also played a important role in AGB change, with a q-value of 0.38, demonstrating that the influences of ALT should not be neglected in regards to grassland change. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-47ba8a3383aa4a628c6f5d2dc16a4a8a2024-03-12T16:52:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-02-0113568610.3390/plants13050686Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River BasinYamin Wu0Jingyi Zhao1Ji Chen2Yaonan Zhang3Bin Yang4Shen Ma5Jianfang Kang6Yanggang Zhao7Zhenggong Miao8National Cryosphere Desert Data Center, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaBeiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaBeiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaNational Cryosphere Desert Data Center, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaMiddle Yarlung Zangbo River Natural Resources Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, ChinaBeiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaNational Cryosphere Desert Data Center, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaMiddle Yarlung Zangbo River Natural Resources Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region, Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, ChinaBeiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaAboveground biomass (AGB) serves as a crucial measure of ecosystem productivity and carbon storage in alpine grasslands, playing a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of the carbon cycle and the impacts of climate change on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. This study utilized Google Earth Engine to amalgamate Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and applied the Random Forest algorithm to estimate the spatial distribution of AGB in the alpine grasslands of the Beiliu River Basin in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau permafrost zone during the 2022 growing season. Additionally, the geodetector technique was employed to identify the primary drivers of AGB distribution. The results indicated that the random forest model, which incorporated the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and the normalized burn ratio index (NBR2), demonstrated robust performance in regards to AGB estimation, achieving an average coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.76 and a root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>) of 70 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The average AGB for alpine meadows was determined to be 285 g/m<sup>2</sup>, while for alpine steppes, it was 204 g/m<sup>2</sup>, both surpassing the regional averages in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The spatial pattern of AGB was primarily driven by grassland type and soil moisture, with q-values of 0.63 and 0.52, and the active layer thickness (ALT) also played a important role in AGB change, with a q-value of 0.38, demonstrating that the influences of ALT should not be neglected in regards to grassland change.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/686aboveground biomassQinghai–Xizang Plateaurandom forestgeodetectoralpine grasslandpermafrost |
| spellingShingle | Yamin Wu Jingyi Zhao Ji Chen Yaonan Zhang Bin Yang Shen Ma Jianfang Kang Yanggang Zhao Zhenggong Miao Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin Plants aboveground biomass Qinghai–Xizang Plateau random forest geodetector alpine grassland permafrost |
| title | Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin |
| title_full | Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin |
| title_fullStr | Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin |
| title_short | Aboveground Biomass Mapping and Analysis of Spatial Drivers in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Permafrost Zone: A Case Study of the Beilu River Basin |
| title_sort | aboveground biomass mapping and analysis of spatial drivers in the qinghai xizang plateau permafrost zone a case study of the beilu river basin |
| topic | aboveground biomass Qinghai–Xizang Plateau random forest geodetector alpine grassland permafrost |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/5/686 |
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