Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant act...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/1993 |
| _version_ | 1797475766719479808 |
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| author | Agnieszka Gęgotek Elżbieta Skrzydlewska |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Gęgotek Elżbieta Skrzydlewska |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Gęgotek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ascorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including the activation of intracellular antioxidant systems and its effect on the NFκB/TNFα pathway and apoptosis. Ascorbate interacts with small-molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione, and thioredoxin; it can also stimulate biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbate promotes the activity of transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this regard, both DNA, proteins, and lipids are protected against oxidation, leading to an inflammatory reaction and even cell death. Although ascorbate has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in the prevention of DNA mutation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells, is controversial. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:48:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47d7ef5be1fc44d7b5f1549269ebce75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:48:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-47d7ef5be1fc44d7b5f1549269ebce752023-11-23T22:39:02ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-10-011110199310.3390/antiox11101993Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic AcidAgnieszka Gęgotek0Elżbieta Skrzydlewska1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandAscorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including the activation of intracellular antioxidant systems and its effect on the NFκB/TNFα pathway and apoptosis. Ascorbate interacts with small-molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione, and thioredoxin; it can also stimulate biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbate promotes the activity of transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this regard, both DNA, proteins, and lipids are protected against oxidation, leading to an inflammatory reaction and even cell death. Although ascorbate has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in the prevention of DNA mutation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells, is controversial.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/1993ascorbic acidROS scavengingantioxidant enzymesNrf2NFκBDNA reparation |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Gęgotek Elżbieta Skrzydlewska Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid Antioxidants ascorbic acid ROS scavenging antioxidant enzymes Nrf2 NFκB DNA reparation |
| title | Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid |
| title_full | Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid |
| title_short | Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid |
| title_sort | antioxidative and anti inflammatory activity of ascorbic acid |
| topic | ascorbic acid ROS scavenging antioxidant enzymes Nrf2 NFκB DNA reparation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/1993 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agnieszkagegotek antioxidativeandantiinflammatoryactivityofascorbicacid AT elzbietaskrzydlewska antioxidativeandantiinflammatoryactivityofascorbicacid |