Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia
Abstract Background In the Somali region of Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern. However, VL epidemiology and sand fly vectors have not been well studied in various areas of the regional state, including Denan district. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-023-00196-8 |
| _version_ | 1797779046024609792 |
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| author | Ahmed Ismail Solomon Yared Sisay Dugassa Adugna Abera Abebe Animut Berhanu Erko Araya Gebresilassie |
| author_facet | Ahmed Ismail Solomon Yared Sisay Dugassa Adugna Abera Abebe Animut Berhanu Erko Araya Gebresilassie |
| author_sort | Ahmed Ismail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In the Somali region of Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern. However, VL epidemiology and sand fly vectors have not been well studied in various areas of the regional state, including Denan district. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence, associated factors, and distribution of sand fly vectors of VL in Denan district, south-eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2021 among VL patients with classic signs and symptoms visiting Denan Health Center in south-eastern Ethiopia. Using a convenience sampling method, 187 blood samples were collected from individuals who visited Denan Health Center during the study period. Blood samples were subjected to Direct Agglutination Test for the detection of antibodies to VL. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also used to gather information on risk factors and other characteristics of knowledge and attitude assessment. Sand flies were also collected from indoor, peri-domestic, mixed forest, and termite mounds using light and sticky traps to determine the fauna and abundance. Results The overall sero-prevalence rate was 9.63% (18/187). The sero-prevalence was significantly associated with outdoor sleeping (OR = 2.82), the presence of damp floors (OR = 7.76), and sleeping outdoor near animals (OR = 3.22). Around 53.48% of the study participants had previously heard about VL. Study participants practiced different VL control methods, including bed nets (42%), insecticide spraying (32%), smoking plant parts (14%), and environmental cleaning (8%). In total, 823 sand fly specimens, comprising 12 species in two genera (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia), were trapped and identified. The most abundant species was Sergentomyia clydei (50.18%), followed by Phlebotomus orientalis (11.42%). Also, a higher proportion of P. orientalis was found in termite mounds (65.43%), followed by mixed forest (37.8%) and peri-domestic (20.83%) habitats. Conclusion The study demonstrated a 9.63% sero-positivity of VL and a remarkable gap in knowledge, attitude, and practices towards VL. P. orientalis was also detected, which could be a probable vector in this area. Thus, public education should be prioritized to improve the community’s awareness of VL and its public health impact. In addition, detailed epidemiological and entomological studies are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:25:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47d8b4ef299b46e8988fc829c2f0ddbb |
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| issn | 2055-0936 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:25:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-47d8b4ef299b46e8988fc829c2f0ddbb2023-07-16T11:10:03ZengBMCTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines2055-09362023-07-019111310.1186/s40794-023-00196-8Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern EthiopiaAhmed Ismail0Solomon Yared1Sisay Dugassa2Adugna Abera3Abebe Animut4Berhanu Erko5Araya Gebresilassie6College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga UniversityDepartment of Biology, Jigjiga UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityMalaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityDepartment of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract Background In the Somali region of Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern. However, VL epidemiology and sand fly vectors have not been well studied in various areas of the regional state, including Denan district. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence, associated factors, and distribution of sand fly vectors of VL in Denan district, south-eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2021 among VL patients with classic signs and symptoms visiting Denan Health Center in south-eastern Ethiopia. Using a convenience sampling method, 187 blood samples were collected from individuals who visited Denan Health Center during the study period. Blood samples were subjected to Direct Agglutination Test for the detection of antibodies to VL. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also used to gather information on risk factors and other characteristics of knowledge and attitude assessment. Sand flies were also collected from indoor, peri-domestic, mixed forest, and termite mounds using light and sticky traps to determine the fauna and abundance. Results The overall sero-prevalence rate was 9.63% (18/187). The sero-prevalence was significantly associated with outdoor sleeping (OR = 2.82), the presence of damp floors (OR = 7.76), and sleeping outdoor near animals (OR = 3.22). Around 53.48% of the study participants had previously heard about VL. Study participants practiced different VL control methods, including bed nets (42%), insecticide spraying (32%), smoking plant parts (14%), and environmental cleaning (8%). In total, 823 sand fly specimens, comprising 12 species in two genera (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia), were trapped and identified. The most abundant species was Sergentomyia clydei (50.18%), followed by Phlebotomus orientalis (11.42%). Also, a higher proportion of P. orientalis was found in termite mounds (65.43%), followed by mixed forest (37.8%) and peri-domestic (20.83%) habitats. Conclusion The study demonstrated a 9.63% sero-positivity of VL and a remarkable gap in knowledge, attitude, and practices towards VL. P. orientalis was also detected, which could be a probable vector in this area. Thus, public education should be prioritized to improve the community’s awareness of VL and its public health impact. In addition, detailed epidemiological and entomological studies are recommended.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-023-00196-8DenanSand flySero-prevalenceRisk factorVisceral leishmaniasis |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Ismail Solomon Yared Sisay Dugassa Adugna Abera Abebe Animut Berhanu Erko Araya Gebresilassie Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines Denan Sand fly Sero-prevalence Risk factor Visceral leishmaniasis |
| title | Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia |
| title_full | Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia |
| title_short | Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia |
| title_sort | sero prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting denan health center southeastern ethiopia |
| topic | Denan Sand fly Sero-prevalence Risk factor Visceral leishmaniasis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-023-00196-8 |
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