Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge
In this work, the synthesis of nickel particles encapsulated in a few-layer graphene shell was carried out using the method of electric arc discharge in the liquid phase, in various media: deionized water, alcohol, and toluene. Nickel and graphite were used as electrodes. The study was carried out t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1450 |
| _version_ | 1797624672072761344 |
|---|---|
| author | Marzhan N. Ualkhanova Alibek S. Zhakypov Renata R. Nemkayeva Madi B. Aitzhanov Beybars Y. Kurbanov Nazym Ye. Akhanova Yerassyl Yerlanuly Sagi A. Orazbayev Dmytro Shchur Anatolii Zolotarenko Maratbek T. Gabdullin |
| author_facet | Marzhan N. Ualkhanova Alibek S. Zhakypov Renata R. Nemkayeva Madi B. Aitzhanov Beybars Y. Kurbanov Nazym Ye. Akhanova Yerassyl Yerlanuly Sagi A. Orazbayev Dmytro Shchur Anatolii Zolotarenko Maratbek T. Gabdullin |
| author_sort | Marzhan N. Ualkhanova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, the synthesis of nickel particles encapsulated in a few-layer graphene shell was carried out using the method of electric arc discharge in the liquid phase, in various media: deionized water, alcohol, and toluene. Nickel and graphite were used as electrodes. The study was carried out to analyze how various liquids, acting as a cooling medium and a source of carbon, affect the formation of a protective shell around metal particles. Raman studies, analysis of X-ray diffraction data, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical encapsulated nickel particles in all types of liquid media. It was found out that the use of toluene as a cooling medium increased the number of particles with a graphite shell and allowed obtaining micro- and nanoparticles covered with monolayer graphene. The absence of oxygen in the composition of toluene, in contrast with alcohol and especially water, prevents the oxidation of nickel particles during the synthesis. This fact, along with the initial basic hexagonal carbon structure of toluene, makes it a good medium for the formation of metal particles covered with a protecting graphite shell as a result of arc discharge in the liquid phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:45:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47df99119c274c74ae2dbb102a75ead7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:45:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-47df99119c274c74ae2dbb102a75ead72023-11-16T16:37:39ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-02-01163145010.3390/en16031450Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc DischargeMarzhan N. Ualkhanova0Alibek S. Zhakypov1Renata R. Nemkayeva2Madi B. Aitzhanov3Beybars Y. Kurbanov4Nazym Ye. Akhanova5Yerassyl Yerlanuly6Sagi A. Orazbayev7Dmytro Shchur8Anatolii Zolotarenko9Maratbek T. Gabdullin10Kazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanFrantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NASU, 3, Krzhyzhanovsky Str., 03142 Kyiv, UkraineKazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanIn this work, the synthesis of nickel particles encapsulated in a few-layer graphene shell was carried out using the method of electric arc discharge in the liquid phase, in various media: deionized water, alcohol, and toluene. Nickel and graphite were used as electrodes. The study was carried out to analyze how various liquids, acting as a cooling medium and a source of carbon, affect the formation of a protective shell around metal particles. Raman studies, analysis of X-ray diffraction data, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical encapsulated nickel particles in all types of liquid media. It was found out that the use of toluene as a cooling medium increased the number of particles with a graphite shell and allowed obtaining micro- and nanoparticles covered with monolayer graphene. The absence of oxygen in the composition of toluene, in contrast with alcohol and especially water, prevents the oxidation of nickel particles during the synthesis. This fact, along with the initial basic hexagonal carbon structure of toluene, makes it a good medium for the formation of metal particles covered with a protecting graphite shell as a result of arc discharge in the liquid phase.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1450micro- and nanoparticlesgraphene encapsulationX-ray diffractionRaman spectroscopyscanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Marzhan N. Ualkhanova Alibek S. Zhakypov Renata R. Nemkayeva Madi B. Aitzhanov Beybars Y. Kurbanov Nazym Ye. Akhanova Yerassyl Yerlanuly Sagi A. Orazbayev Dmytro Shchur Anatolii Zolotarenko Maratbek T. Gabdullin Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge Energies micro- and nanoparticles graphene encapsulation X-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge |
| title_full | Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge |
| title_short | Synthesis of Graphite-Encapsulated Ni Micro- and Nanoparticles Using Liquid-Phase Arc Discharge |
| title_sort | synthesis of graphite encapsulated ni micro and nanoparticles using liquid phase arc discharge |
| topic | micro- and nanoparticles graphene encapsulation X-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1450 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marzhannualkhanova synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT alibekszhakypov synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT renatarnemkayeva synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT madibaitzhanov synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT beybarsykurbanov synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT nazymyeakhanova synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT yerassylyerlanuly synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT sagiaorazbayev synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT dmytroshchur synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT anatoliizolotarenko synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge AT maratbektgabdullin synthesisofgraphiteencapsulatednimicroandnanoparticlesusingliquidphasearcdischarge |