Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls
The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test are well established assessment tools for the examination of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) (i.e.,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/9/805 |
| _version_ | 1797519754915741696 |
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| author | Julian Bauer Helena Kammermeier Gerrit Schwiertz Thomas Muehlbauer |
| author_facet | Julian Bauer Helena Kammermeier Gerrit Schwiertz Thomas Muehlbauer |
| author_sort | Julian Bauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test are well established assessment tools for the examination of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) (i.e., intelligence quotient of 70–84 etc.) are lacking. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with and without BIF. Thirty students with BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.2 years) and 30 age-/sex-matched students without BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.3 years) performed the YBT-LQ and/or YBT-UQ. Normalized maximal reach distances (% leg/arm length) per reach direction and the composite score were used as outcome measures. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to test for significant group differences. Irrespective of limb and reach direction, students with BIF compared to those without BIF showed significantly worse YBT-LQ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001–0.031; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.57–1.26) and YBT-UQ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001–0.015; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.68–1.52) performance with moderate to large effect sizes. Due to the poorer performance levels of students with BIF, specifically tailored interventions should be developed that have the potential to improve their dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47e1fed910384a5bbcc57dd0fe25bf1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-47e1fed910384a5bbcc57dd0fe25bf1b2023-11-22T12:30:22ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672021-09-018980510.3390/children8090805Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched ControlsJulian Bauer0Helena Kammermeier1Gerrit Schwiertz2Thomas Muehlbauer3Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, GermanyDivision of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, GermanyDivision of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, GermanyDivision of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, GermanyThe Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test are well established assessment tools for the examination of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) (i.e., intelligence quotient of 70–84 etc.) are lacking. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with and without BIF. Thirty students with BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.2 years) and 30 age-/sex-matched students without BIF (age: 13.7 ± 1.3 years) performed the YBT-LQ and/or YBT-UQ. Normalized maximal reach distances (% leg/arm length) per reach direction and the composite score were used as outcome measures. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to test for significant group differences. Irrespective of limb and reach direction, students with BIF compared to those without BIF showed significantly worse YBT-LQ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001–0.031; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.57–1.26) and YBT-UQ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001–0.015; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.68–1.52) performance with moderate to large effect sizes. Due to the poorer performance levels of students with BIF, specifically tailored interventions should be developed that have the potential to improve their dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/9/805postural controlshoulder mobility/stabilitymental deficitsatypical development |
| spellingShingle | Julian Bauer Helena Kammermeier Gerrit Schwiertz Thomas Muehlbauer Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls Children postural control shoulder mobility/stability mental deficits atypical development |
| title | Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls |
| title_full | Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls |
| title_short | Comparison of Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test Performance in Adolescent Students with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Compared to Age- and Sex-Matched Controls |
| title_sort | comparison of lower and upper quarter y balance test performance in adolescent students with borderline intellectual functioning compared to age and sex matched controls |
| topic | postural control shoulder mobility/stability mental deficits atypical development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/9/805 |
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