Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate
Numerous papers studied the relations between nitrogen rate and rice yield in saline soils, whereas the rice root morphological and physiological characteristics mediating nitrogen rates in yield formation under varied salinity levels remain less concerns. Through a field experiment applied with fiv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.982637/full |
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| author | Yinglong Chen Yang Liu Jianfei Ge Rongkai Li Rui Zhang Yang Zhang Zhongyang Huo Ke Xu Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai |
| author_facet | Yinglong Chen Yang Liu Jianfei Ge Rongkai Li Rui Zhang Yang Zhang Zhongyang Huo Ke Xu Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai |
| author_sort | Yinglong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numerous papers studied the relations between nitrogen rate and rice yield in saline soils, whereas the rice root morphological and physiological characteristics mediating nitrogen rates in yield formation under varied salinity levels remain less concerns. Through a field experiment applied with five nitrogen rates (0, 210, 255, 300, 345, and 390 kg ha–1) in saline land, we found that rice yield peaked at 7.7 t ha–1 under 300 kg ha–1 nitrogen, and excessive N was not conductive for increasing yield. To further elucidate its internal physiological mechanism, a pot experiment was designed with three N rates (210 [N1], 300 [N2], 390 [N3] kg ha–1) and three salt concentrations (0 [S0], 1.5 [S1], 3.0 [S2] g kg–1 NaCl). Results showed that the average grain yield was decreased by 19.1 and 51.1% under S1 and S2, respectively, while notably increased by 18.5 and 14.5% under N2 and N3, respectively. Salinity stress significantly inhibited root biomass, root length and surface area, root oxidation capacity (ROC), K+ and K+/Na+ ratio, and nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, whereas root Na+ and antioxidant enzyme activities were notably increased. The mechanism of how insufficient N supply (N1) affected rice yield formation was consistent at different salinity levels, which displayed adverse impacts on root morphological and physiological traits, thereby significantly inhibiting leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of rice. However, the mechanism thorough which excessive N (N3) affected yield formation was quite different under varied salinity levels. Under lower salinity (S0 and S1), no significant differences on root morphological traits and grain yield were observed except the significantly decline in activities of NR and GS between N3 and N2 treatments. Under higher salinity level (S2), the decreased ROC, K+/Na+ ratio due to increased Na+, antioxidant enzyme activities, and NR and GS activities were the main reason leading to undesirable root morphological traits and leaf photosynthesis, which further triggered decreased grain yield under N3 treatment, compared to that under N2 treatment. Overall, our results suggest that improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:29:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47e307762c504c42b33342ba19d0439d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:29:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-47e307762c504c42b33342ba19d0439d2022-12-22T00:58:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-07-011310.3389/fpls.2022.982637982637Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rateYinglong Chen0Yang Liu1Jianfei Ge2Rongkai Li3Rui Zhang4Yang Zhang5Zhongyang Huo6Ke Xu7Huanhe Wei8Qigen Dai9Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaNumerous papers studied the relations between nitrogen rate and rice yield in saline soils, whereas the rice root morphological and physiological characteristics mediating nitrogen rates in yield formation under varied salinity levels remain less concerns. Through a field experiment applied with five nitrogen rates (0, 210, 255, 300, 345, and 390 kg ha–1) in saline land, we found that rice yield peaked at 7.7 t ha–1 under 300 kg ha–1 nitrogen, and excessive N was not conductive for increasing yield. To further elucidate its internal physiological mechanism, a pot experiment was designed with three N rates (210 [N1], 300 [N2], 390 [N3] kg ha–1) and three salt concentrations (0 [S0], 1.5 [S1], 3.0 [S2] g kg–1 NaCl). Results showed that the average grain yield was decreased by 19.1 and 51.1% under S1 and S2, respectively, while notably increased by 18.5 and 14.5% under N2 and N3, respectively. Salinity stress significantly inhibited root biomass, root length and surface area, root oxidation capacity (ROC), K+ and K+/Na+ ratio, and nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, whereas root Na+ and antioxidant enzyme activities were notably increased. The mechanism of how insufficient N supply (N1) affected rice yield formation was consistent at different salinity levels, which displayed adverse impacts on root morphological and physiological traits, thereby significantly inhibiting leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of rice. However, the mechanism thorough which excessive N (N3) affected yield formation was quite different under varied salinity levels. Under lower salinity (S0 and S1), no significant differences on root morphological traits and grain yield were observed except the significantly decline in activities of NR and GS between N3 and N2 treatments. Under higher salinity level (S2), the decreased ROC, K+/Na+ ratio due to increased Na+, antioxidant enzyme activities, and NR and GS activities were the main reason leading to undesirable root morphological traits and leaf photosynthesis, which further triggered decreased grain yield under N3 treatment, compared to that under N2 treatment. Overall, our results suggest that improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.982637/fullrice (Oryza sativa L.)salt stressyieldrootnitrogen |
| spellingShingle | Yinglong Chen Yang Liu Jianfei Ge Rongkai Li Rui Zhang Yang Zhang Zhongyang Huo Ke Xu Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate Frontiers in Plant Science rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt stress yield root nitrogen |
| title | Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| title_full | Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| title_fullStr | Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| title_short | Improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| title_sort | improved physiological and morphological traits of root synergistically enhanced salinity tolerance in rice under appropriate nitrogen application rate |
| topic | rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt stress yield root nitrogen |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.982637/full |
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