Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition
Although the age of acquisition (AoA) effect has been established in numerous studies, how emotion word processing is modulated by AoA, along with affective factors, such as valence and arousal, is not well understood. Hence, the influence of age of acquisition (AoA), valence, and arousal on Chinese...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/7/568 |
| _version_ | 1797590219928633344 |
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| author | Chenggang Wu Yiwen Shi Juan Zhang |
| author_facet | Chenggang Wu Yiwen Shi Juan Zhang |
| author_sort | Chenggang Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the age of acquisition (AoA) effect has been established in numerous studies, how emotion word processing is modulated by AoA, along with affective factors, such as valence and arousal, is not well understood. Hence, the influence of age of acquisition (AoA), valence, and arousal on Chinese emotion word recognition was investigated through two experiments. Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 30) adopted a valence judgment task to explore the roles of valence and AoA in emotion word recognition, whereas Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 30) used a lexical decision task to examine AoA and arousal effects. A mixed linear effects model was used to examine the fixed effects of AoA, arousal, and valence and random effects of participants and items. The findings provided confirmation of the effects of AoA, valence, and arousal. Notably, AoA and valence had independent influences on emotion word recognition, as evidenced by longer reaction times for later-acquired words and negative words compared to early-acquired words and positive words (all <i>ps</i> < 0.05). On the other hand, AoA and arousal demonstrated interdependent effects on emotion word recognition. Specifically, a larger AoA effect was observed for low-arousing words (all <i>ps</i> < 0.05), whereas the influence of AoA on high-arousing words was insignificant. These results underscored the significance of AoA in processing emotion words and highlighted the interplay between AoA and arousal. Additionally, it is plausible to suggest that the AoA effect was primarily perceptual rather than semantic in nature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:18:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47f6315b1db4463c9a8ad3814dc903bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:18:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-47f6315b1db4463c9a8ad3814dc903bc2023-11-18T18:20:01ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2023-07-0113756810.3390/bs13070568Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word RecognitionChenggang Wu0Yiwen Shi1Juan Zhang2Key Laboratory of Multilingual Education with AI, School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Multilingual Education with AI, School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, ChinaFaculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, ChinaAlthough the age of acquisition (AoA) effect has been established in numerous studies, how emotion word processing is modulated by AoA, along with affective factors, such as valence and arousal, is not well understood. Hence, the influence of age of acquisition (AoA), valence, and arousal on Chinese emotion word recognition was investigated through two experiments. Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 30) adopted a valence judgment task to explore the roles of valence and AoA in emotion word recognition, whereas Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 30) used a lexical decision task to examine AoA and arousal effects. A mixed linear effects model was used to examine the fixed effects of AoA, arousal, and valence and random effects of participants and items. The findings provided confirmation of the effects of AoA, valence, and arousal. Notably, AoA and valence had independent influences on emotion word recognition, as evidenced by longer reaction times for later-acquired words and negative words compared to early-acquired words and positive words (all <i>ps</i> < 0.05). On the other hand, AoA and arousal demonstrated interdependent effects on emotion word recognition. Specifically, a larger AoA effect was observed for low-arousing words (all <i>ps</i> < 0.05), whereas the influence of AoA on high-arousing words was insignificant. These results underscored the significance of AoA in processing emotion words and highlighted the interplay between AoA and arousal. Additionally, it is plausible to suggest that the AoA effect was primarily perceptual rather than semantic in nature.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/7/568valencearousalemotion wordage of acquisition |
| spellingShingle | Chenggang Wu Yiwen Shi Juan Zhang Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition Behavioral Sciences valence arousal emotion word age of acquisition |
| title | Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition |
| title_full | Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition |
| title_fullStr | Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition |
| title_short | Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition |
| title_sort | beyond valence and arousal the role of age of acquisition in emotion word recognition |
| topic | valence arousal emotion word age of acquisition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/7/568 |
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