Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks
Abstract The Hofstadter butterfly is one of the first and most fascinating examples of the fractal and self-similar quantum nature of free electrons in a lattice pierced by a perpendicular magnetic field. However, the direct experimental verification of this effect on single-layer materials is still...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-03-01
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| Series: | npj 2D Materials and Applications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-023-00378-0 |
| _version_ | 1827979434794156032 |
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| author | David Bodesheim Robert Biele Gianaurelio Cuniberti |
| author_facet | David Bodesheim Robert Biele Gianaurelio Cuniberti |
| author_sort | David Bodesheim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Hofstadter butterfly is one of the first and most fascinating examples of the fractal and self-similar quantum nature of free electrons in a lattice pierced by a perpendicular magnetic field. However, the direct experimental verification of this effect on single-layer materials is still missing as very strong and inaccessible magnetic fields are necessary. For this reason, its indirect experimental verification has only been realized in artificial periodic 2D systems, like moiré lattices. The only recently synthesized 2D covalent organic frameworks might circumvent this limitation: Due to their large pore structures, magnetic fields needed to detect most features of the Hofstadter butterfly are indeed accessible with today technology. This work opens the door to make this exotic and theoretical issue from the 70s measurable and might solve the quest for the experimental verification of the Hofstadter butterfly in single-layer materials. Moreover, the intrinsic hierarchy of different pore sizes in 2D covalent organic framework adds additional complexity and beauty to the original butterflies and leads to a direct accessible playground for new physical observations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:37:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4800e46668e74c85bd666ce2b77a6473 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2397-7132 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:37:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj 2D Materials and Applications |
| spelling | doaj.art-4800e46668e74c85bd666ce2b77a64732023-03-26T11:12:16ZengNature Portfolionpj 2D Materials and Applications2397-71322023-03-01711610.1038/s41699-023-00378-0Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworksDavid Bodesheim0Robert Biele1Gianaurelio Cuniberti2Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU DresdenInstitute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU DresdenInstitute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU DresdenAbstract The Hofstadter butterfly is one of the first and most fascinating examples of the fractal and self-similar quantum nature of free electrons in a lattice pierced by a perpendicular magnetic field. However, the direct experimental verification of this effect on single-layer materials is still missing as very strong and inaccessible magnetic fields are necessary. For this reason, its indirect experimental verification has only been realized in artificial periodic 2D systems, like moiré lattices. The only recently synthesized 2D covalent organic frameworks might circumvent this limitation: Due to their large pore structures, magnetic fields needed to detect most features of the Hofstadter butterfly are indeed accessible with today technology. This work opens the door to make this exotic and theoretical issue from the 70s measurable and might solve the quest for the experimental verification of the Hofstadter butterfly in single-layer materials. Moreover, the intrinsic hierarchy of different pore sizes in 2D covalent organic framework adds additional complexity and beauty to the original butterflies and leads to a direct accessible playground for new physical observations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-023-00378-0 |
| spellingShingle | David Bodesheim Robert Biele Gianaurelio Cuniberti Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks npj 2D Materials and Applications |
| title | Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks |
| title_full | Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks |
| title_fullStr | Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks |
| title_short | Hierarchies of Hofstadter butterflies in 2D covalent organic frameworks |
| title_sort | hierarchies of hofstadter butterflies in 2d covalent organic frameworks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-023-00378-0 |
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