Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review
<i>Pinus merkusii</i> Jungh et de Vriese, known as Tusam or Sumatran pine, is the only pine that grows naturally in the south of the Equator with its natural distribution found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Sumatran pine is an economic...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1235 |
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| author | Rinaldi Imanuddin Asep Hidayat Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat Maman Turjaman Pratiwi Fitri Nurfatriani Yonky Indrajaya Arida Susilowati |
| author_facet | Rinaldi Imanuddin Asep Hidayat Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat Maman Turjaman Pratiwi Fitri Nurfatriani Yonky Indrajaya Arida Susilowati |
| author_sort | Rinaldi Imanuddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Jungh et de Vriese, known as Tusam or Sumatran pine, is the only pine that grows naturally in the south of the Equator with its natural distribution found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Sumatran pine is an economically and ecologically important species in Indonesia that covers three native strains, Aceh, Kerinci, and Tapanuli. The resin tapping of the pine has been practiced for hundreds of years while its timber has long been commercially used for various purposes. Although the pine is known as highland species, its adaptability on a wide spectrum environment makes it suitable for various restoration and rehabilitation purposes both in lowland and highland sites. Its high commercial values have also made the species be massively planted in pine plantations outside their natural distribution in Sumatera (i.e., in Java and Sulawesi island). This paper will review the current condition of Sumatran pine and its potential as a restoration and rehabilitation species and delivering its natural and artificial distribution map in Indonesia. In addition, the paper will also show the genetic variability of the species, determine the current innovative practices in silvicultural aspect both at nursery and plantation scales, describe tree improvement program, including its role in agroforestry practices, pine product both timber and non-timber, and its potential resources in relation with climate change mitigation management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4811c1430a704175a902fb863366c6e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-4811c1430a704175a902fb863366c6e52023-11-20T22:03:38ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-11-011112123510.3390/f11121235Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A ReviewRinaldi Imanuddin0Asep Hidayat1Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat2Maman Turjaman3Pratiwi4Fitri Nurfatriani5Yonky Indrajaya6Arida Susilowati7Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaForest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaForest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaForest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaForest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaResearch and Development Center on Social Economic Policy and Climate Change, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No.5., Bogor 16118, IndonesiaWatershed Management Technology Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Surakarta 57139, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia<i>Pinus merkusii</i> Jungh et de Vriese, known as Tusam or Sumatran pine, is the only pine that grows naturally in the south of the Equator with its natural distribution found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Sumatran pine is an economically and ecologically important species in Indonesia that covers three native strains, Aceh, Kerinci, and Tapanuli. The resin tapping of the pine has been practiced for hundreds of years while its timber has long been commercially used for various purposes. Although the pine is known as highland species, its adaptability on a wide spectrum environment makes it suitable for various restoration and rehabilitation purposes both in lowland and highland sites. Its high commercial values have also made the species be massively planted in pine plantations outside their natural distribution in Sumatera (i.e., in Java and Sulawesi island). This paper will review the current condition of Sumatran pine and its potential as a restoration and rehabilitation species and delivering its natural and artificial distribution map in Indonesia. In addition, the paper will also show the genetic variability of the species, determine the current innovative practices in silvicultural aspect both at nursery and plantation scales, describe tree improvement program, including its role in agroforestry practices, pine product both timber and non-timber, and its potential resources in relation with climate change mitigation management.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1235Sumatran pinenative speciescurrent conditiontree improvement programagroforestryproduct |
| spellingShingle | Rinaldi Imanuddin Asep Hidayat Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat Maman Turjaman Pratiwi Fitri Nurfatriani Yonky Indrajaya Arida Susilowati Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review Forests Sumatran pine native species current condition tree improvement program agroforestry product |
| title | Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review |
| title_full | Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review |
| title_short | Reforestation and Sustainable Management of <i>Pinus merkusii</i> Forest Plantation in Indonesia: A Review |
| title_sort | reforestation and sustainable management of i pinus merkusii i forest plantation in indonesia a review |
| topic | Sumatran pine native species current condition tree improvement program agroforestry product |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1235 |
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