Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract with extremely poor clinical outcomes due to a lack of effective therapies to improve disease management. The emerging green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has extensively provided their use in biomedical applications. In th...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022033163 |
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| author | Nipaporn Ngernyuang Molin Wongwattanakul Wannit Charusirisawad Rong Shao Temduang Limpaiboon |
| author_facet | Nipaporn Ngernyuang Molin Wongwattanakul Wannit Charusirisawad Rong Shao Temduang Limpaiboon |
| author_sort | Nipaporn Ngernyuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract with extremely poor clinical outcomes due to a lack of effective therapies to improve disease management. The emerging green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has extensively provided their use in biomedical applications. In this study, we developed AuNPs via reducing gold salts with apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone). The synthesized apigenin-conjugated AuNPs (api-AuNPs) were physicochemically characterized by various techniques before evaluation their biological and functional inhibition in a CCA cell line, KKU-M055. The mean size of api-AuNPs was 90.34 ± 22.82 nm with zeta potential of -36 ± 0.55. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, 0.8 mg/mL) of api-AuNPs on cell proliferation of KKU-M055 was 1.9-fold less than that of an immortalized human cholangiocyte cell line, MMNK1 (IC50, 1.5 mg/mL). Moreover, api-AuNPs induced cell apoptosis via the up-regulation of Bax, Bid, and Caspase 3, and down-regulation of Bcl2, leading to elevated caspase 3/7, 8, 9 activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The api-AuNPs significantly inhibited the migration of KKU-M055 cells and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and in vitro tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Collectively, our findings indicate the dual abilities of api-AuNPs that potentially inhibit cancer cell growth and motility as well as endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis, which may offer a novel therapeutic avenue to treat CCA patients effectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4822b53e180c4323a94df673ecf57eca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-4822b53e180c4323a94df673ecf57eca2023-01-05T08:38:01ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-12-01812e12028Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitroNipaporn Ngernyuang0Molin Wongwattanakul1Wannit Charusirisawad2Rong Shao3Temduang Limpaiboon4Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandCentre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandChulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandDevelopment of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, ChinaCentre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Corresponding author.Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract with extremely poor clinical outcomes due to a lack of effective therapies to improve disease management. The emerging green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has extensively provided their use in biomedical applications. In this study, we developed AuNPs via reducing gold salts with apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone). The synthesized apigenin-conjugated AuNPs (api-AuNPs) were physicochemically characterized by various techniques before evaluation their biological and functional inhibition in a CCA cell line, KKU-M055. The mean size of api-AuNPs was 90.34 ± 22.82 nm with zeta potential of -36 ± 0.55. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, 0.8 mg/mL) of api-AuNPs on cell proliferation of KKU-M055 was 1.9-fold less than that of an immortalized human cholangiocyte cell line, MMNK1 (IC50, 1.5 mg/mL). Moreover, api-AuNPs induced cell apoptosis via the up-regulation of Bax, Bid, and Caspase 3, and down-regulation of Bcl2, leading to elevated caspase 3/7, 8, 9 activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The api-AuNPs significantly inhibited the migration of KKU-M055 cells and suppressed the proliferation, migration, and in vitro tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Collectively, our findings indicate the dual abilities of api-AuNPs that potentially inhibit cancer cell growth and motility as well as endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis, which may offer a novel therapeutic avenue to treat CCA patients effectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022033163ApigeninGold nanoparticlesGreen synthesisCholangiocarcinomaApoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Nipaporn Ngernyuang Molin Wongwattanakul Wannit Charusirisawad Rong Shao Temduang Limpaiboon Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro Heliyon Apigenin Gold nanoparticles Green synthesis Cholangiocarcinoma Apoptosis |
| title | Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| title_full | Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| title_short | Green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| title_sort | green synthesized apigenin conjugated gold nanoparticles inhibit cholangiocarcinoma cell activity and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro |
| topic | Apigenin Gold nanoparticles Green synthesis Cholangiocarcinoma Apoptosis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022033163 |
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