Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) comprises a spectrum of liver pathology, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Previous work from our group and others suggests that dietary fat, both the amount and composition, plays a pivotal role in ALD development and progression; however, the impact...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2019-12-01
|
| Series: | Liver Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542568419300467 |
| _version_ | 1818429773310853120 |
|---|---|
| author | Kara H. Zirnheld Dennis R. Warner Jeffrey B. Warner Josiah E. Hardesty Craig J. McClain Irina A. Kirpich |
| author_facet | Kara H. Zirnheld Dennis R. Warner Jeffrey B. Warner Josiah E. Hardesty Craig J. McClain Irina A. Kirpich |
| author_sort | Kara H. Zirnheld |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) comprises a spectrum of liver pathology, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Previous work from our group and others suggests that dietary fat, both the amount and composition, plays a pivotal role in ALD development and progression; however, the impact of specific dietary fatty acids on ALD pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Preclinical rodent models of ALD revealed the deleterious effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), specifically linoleic acid (LA), and this may be partially attributed to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory oxidized LA metabolites. There is limited understanding regarding the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, such as alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and bioactive n-3 PUFA-derived lipid molecules in ALD. Given that majority of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites are potent endogenous signaling molecules, knowledge regarding the changes in these lipid mediators may shed new light on the mechanisms contributing to ALD pathogenesis and reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of this disease. The current review summarizes relevant scientific literature regarding the role of dietary fat, distinct fatty acids, and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in ALD, and highlights recent advances in the field. Keywords: Dietary fatty acids, Bioactive fatty acid metabolites, Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:22:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-482ac7e7f23842df946c1eba279358a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2542-5684 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:22:50Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Liver Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-482ac7e7f23842df946c1eba279358a22022-12-21T22:56:05ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Liver Research2542-56842019-12-0133206217Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver diseaseKara H. Zirnheld0Dennis R. Warner1Jeffrey B. Warner2Josiah E. Hardesty3Craig J. McClain4Irina A. Kirpich5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) comprises a spectrum of liver pathology, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Previous work from our group and others suggests that dietary fat, both the amount and composition, plays a pivotal role in ALD development and progression; however, the impact of specific dietary fatty acids on ALD pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Preclinical rodent models of ALD revealed the deleterious effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), specifically linoleic acid (LA), and this may be partially attributed to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory oxidized LA metabolites. There is limited understanding regarding the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, such as alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and bioactive n-3 PUFA-derived lipid molecules in ALD. Given that majority of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites are potent endogenous signaling molecules, knowledge regarding the changes in these lipid mediators may shed new light on the mechanisms contributing to ALD pathogenesis and reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of this disease. The current review summarizes relevant scientific literature regarding the role of dietary fat, distinct fatty acids, and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in ALD, and highlights recent advances in the field. Keywords: Dietary fatty acids, Bioactive fatty acid metabolites, Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542568419300467 |
| spellingShingle | Kara H. Zirnheld Dennis R. Warner Jeffrey B. Warner Josiah E. Hardesty Craig J. McClain Irina A. Kirpich Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease Liver Research |
| title | Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| title_full | Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| title_fullStr | Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| title_short | Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| title_sort | dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542568419300467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karahzirnheld dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease AT dennisrwarner dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease AT jeffreybwarner dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease AT josiahehardesty dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease AT craigjmcclain dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease AT irinaakirpich dietaryfattyacidsandbioactivefattyacidmetabolitesinalcoholicliverdisease |