Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan
This study analyzed the genetic diversity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) nonsusceptibility and the relationship between two major mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP in nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1383 |
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| author | Shiuh-Bin Fang Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale Chih-Hung Huang Pei-Ru Chang Yuan-Hung Wang Katsumi Shigemura Ying-Hsiu Lin Wei-Chiao Chang Ke-Chuan Wang Tzu-Wen Huang Yu-Chu Chang |
| author_facet | Shiuh-Bin Fang Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale Chih-Hung Huang Pei-Ru Chang Yuan-Hung Wang Katsumi Shigemura Ying-Hsiu Lin Wei-Chiao Chang Ke-Chuan Wang Tzu-Wen Huang Yu-Chu Chang |
| author_sort | Shiuh-Bin Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study analyzed the genetic diversity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) nonsusceptibility and the relationship between two major mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP in nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were searched from ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, and PubMed for designing the sequencing regions in <i>gyrA</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, <i>parC</i>, and <i>parE</i>, and the 13 polymerase chain reactions for PMQR genes. We found that QRDR mutations were detected in <i>gyrA</i> (82.1%), <i>parC</i> (59.0%), and <i>parE</i> (20.5%) but not in <i>gyrB</i> among the 39 isolates. Five of the 13 PMQR genes were identified, including <i>oqxA</i> (28.2%), <i>oqxB</i> (28.2%), <i>qnrS</i> (18.0%), <i>aac</i>(6′)-<i>Ib</i>-<i>cr</i> (10.3%), and <i>qnrB</i> (5.1%), which correlated with the MICs of CIP within 0.25–2 μg/mL, and it was found that <i>oxqAB</i> contributed more than <i>qnr</i> genes to increase the MICs. All the isolates contained either QRDR mutations (53.8%), PMQR genes (15.4%), or both (30.8%). QRDR mutations (84.6%) were more commonly detected than PMQR genes (46.2%). QRDR mutation numbers were significantly associated with MICs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Double mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> determined high CIP resistance (MICs ≥ 4 μg/mL). PMQR genes contributed to intermediate to low CIP resistance (MICs 0.25–2 μg/mL), thus providing insights into mechanisms underlying CIP resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-482d798b0eff490d8ccba72e55800cb0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-482d798b0eff490d8ccba72e55800cb02023-11-22T22:10:50ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-11-011011138310.3390/antibiotics10111383Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in TaiwanShiuh-Bin Fang0Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale1Chih-Hung Huang2Pei-Ru Chang3Yuan-Hung Wang4Katsumi Shigemura5Ying-Hsiu Lin6Wei-Chiao Chang7Ke-Chuan Wang8Tzu-Wen Huang9Yu-Chu Chang10Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, TaiwanNational Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, JapanDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, TaiwanMaster Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, TaiwanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanThis study analyzed the genetic diversity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) nonsusceptibility and the relationship between two major mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP in nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were searched from ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, and PubMed for designing the sequencing regions in <i>gyrA</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, <i>parC</i>, and <i>parE</i>, and the 13 polymerase chain reactions for PMQR genes. We found that QRDR mutations were detected in <i>gyrA</i> (82.1%), <i>parC</i> (59.0%), and <i>parE</i> (20.5%) but not in <i>gyrB</i> among the 39 isolates. Five of the 13 PMQR genes were identified, including <i>oqxA</i> (28.2%), <i>oqxB</i> (28.2%), <i>qnrS</i> (18.0%), <i>aac</i>(6′)-<i>Ib</i>-<i>cr</i> (10.3%), and <i>qnrB</i> (5.1%), which correlated with the MICs of CIP within 0.25–2 μg/mL, and it was found that <i>oxqAB</i> contributed more than <i>qnr</i> genes to increase the MICs. All the isolates contained either QRDR mutations (53.8%), PMQR genes (15.4%), or both (30.8%). QRDR mutations (84.6%) were more commonly detected than PMQR genes (46.2%). QRDR mutation numbers were significantly associated with MICs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Double mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> determined high CIP resistance (MICs ≥ 4 μg/mL). PMQR genes contributed to intermediate to low CIP resistance (MICs 0.25–2 μg/mL), thus providing insights into mechanisms underlying CIP resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1383ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibilityminimum inhibitory concentrationsquinolone resistance determining regionsplasmid-mediated quinolone resistancenontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> |
| spellingShingle | Shiuh-Bin Fang Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale Chih-Hung Huang Pei-Ru Chang Yuan-Hung Wang Katsumi Shigemura Ying-Hsiu Lin Wei-Chiao Chang Ke-Chuan Wang Tzu-Wen Huang Yu-Chu Chang Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan Antibiotics ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility minimum inhibitory concentrations quinolone resistance determining regions plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> |
| title | Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan |
| title_full | Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan |
| title_short | Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Clinical Isolates in Taiwan |
| title_sort | genotypic diversity of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility and its relationship with minimum inhibitory concentrations in nontyphoidal i salmonella i clinical isolates in taiwan |
| topic | ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility minimum inhibitory concentrations quinolone resistance determining regions plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1383 |
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