A new global anthropogenic SO<sub>2</sub> emission inventory for the last decade: a mosaic of satellite-derived and bottom-up emissions
<p>Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor have been used to detect emissions from large point sources. Emissions from over 400 sources have been quantified individually based on OMI observations, accounting for ab...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-11-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/16571/2018/acp-18-16571-2018.pdf |
Summary: | <p>Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) measurements from the Ozone Monitoring
Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor have been used to detect emissions from
large point sources. Emissions from over 400 sources have been quantified
individually based on OMI observations, accounting for about a half of total
reported anthropogenic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Here we report a newly
developed emission inventory, OMI-HTAP, by combining these OMI-based emission
estimates and the conventional bottom-up inventory, HTAP, for smaller sources
that OMI is not able to detect. OMI-HTAP includes emissions from OMI-detected
sources that are not captured in previous leading bottom-up inventories,
enabling more accurate emission estimates for regions with such missing
sources. In addition, our approach offers the possibility of rapid updates to
emissions from large point sources that can be detected by satellites. Our
methodology applied to OMI-HTAP can also be used to merge improved
satellite-derived estimates with other multi-year bottom-up inventories,
which may further improve the accuracy of the emission trends. OMI-HTAP
SO<sub>2</sub> emissions estimates for Persian Gulf, Mexico, and Russia are
59 %, 65 %, and 56 % larger than HTAP estimates in
2010, respectively. We have evaluated the OMI-HTAP inventory by performing simulations
with the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model. The GEOS-5
simulated SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations driven by both HTAP and OMI-HTAP were
compared against in situ measurements. We focus for the validation on
2010 for which HTAP is most valid and for which a relatively large number of
in situ measurements are available. Results show that the OMI-HTAP inventory
improves the agreement between the model and observations, in particular over
the US, with the normalized mean bias decreasing from 0.41 (HTAP) to −0.03
(OMI-HTAP) for 2010. Simulations with the OMI-HTAP inventory capture the
worldwide major trends of large anthropogenic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions that are
observed with OMI. Correlation coefficients of the observed and modeled
surface SO<sub>2</sub> in 2014 increase from 0.16 (HTAP) to 0.59 (OMI-HTAP) and
the normalized mean bias dropped from 0.29 (HTAP) to 0.05 (OMI-HTAP), when we
updated 2010 HTAP emissions with 2014 OMI-HTAP emissions in the model.</p> |
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ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |