The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings
The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents o...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/348 |
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| author | Xukun Yang Yange Wan Nan Yang Yilin Hou Dantong Chen Jiachen Liu Guoshuai Cai Mingchao Wang |
| author_facet | Xukun Yang Yange Wan Nan Yang Yilin Hou Dantong Chen Jiachen Liu Guoshuai Cai Mingchao Wang |
| author_sort | Xukun Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, as well as the composition evolution of the coatings, were investigated by using large-plate combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, a cone calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis, a N<sub>2</sub> adsorption and desorption test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a tensile strength test, and a viscosity test. The results showed that the addition of 14BBDE and T403 promoted the oxidation of B<sub>4</sub>C and the formation of boron-containing glass or ceramics, increased the residual mass of char, densified the surface char layer, and increased the specific surface area of porous residual char. When their dosage was 30%, ESB-1T-3 coating exhibited the most excellent flame-retardant properties. During the 2 h large-plate combustion test, the backside temperature was only 138.72 °C, without any melting pits. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production (PSPR) were reduced by 13.15%, 13.9%, 5.48%, and 17.45%, respectively, compared to the blank ESB coating. The LOI value reached 33.4%, and the vertical combustion grade was V-0. In addition, the tensile strength of the ESB-1T-3 sample was increased by 10.94% compared to ESB. In contrast, the addition of BGE and DDM promoted the combustion of the coating, affected the ceramic process of the coating, seriously affected the formation of borosilicate glass, and exhibited poor flame retardancy. The backside temperature reached 190.93 °C after 2 h combustion. A unified rule is that as the amount of diluent and curing agent increases, the flame retardancy improves while the mechanical properties decrease. This work provides data support for the preparation and process optimization of resin-based coatings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:43:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-483620d4694e4fe2bc25af9d2d408b62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:43:09Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-483620d4694e4fe2bc25af9d2d408b622024-01-26T17:26:50ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-01-0117234810.3390/ma17020348The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant CoatingsXukun Yang0Yange Wan1Nan Yang2Yilin Hou3Dantong Chen4Jiachen Liu5Guoshuai Cai6Mingchao Wang7School of Materials and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, ChinaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaCollege of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaSchool of Materials and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, ChinaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaDepartment of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, ChinaThe epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, as well as the composition evolution of the coatings, were investigated by using large-plate combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, a cone calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis, a N<sub>2</sub> adsorption and desorption test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a tensile strength test, and a viscosity test. The results showed that the addition of 14BBDE and T403 promoted the oxidation of B<sub>4</sub>C and the formation of boron-containing glass or ceramics, increased the residual mass of char, densified the surface char layer, and increased the specific surface area of porous residual char. When their dosage was 30%, ESB-1T-3 coating exhibited the most excellent flame-retardant properties. During the 2 h large-plate combustion test, the backside temperature was only 138.72 °C, without any melting pits. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production (PSPR) were reduced by 13.15%, 13.9%, 5.48%, and 17.45%, respectively, compared to the blank ESB coating. The LOI value reached 33.4%, and the vertical combustion grade was V-0. In addition, the tensile strength of the ESB-1T-3 sample was increased by 10.94% compared to ESB. In contrast, the addition of BGE and DDM promoted the combustion of the coating, affected the ceramic process of the coating, seriously affected the formation of borosilicate glass, and exhibited poor flame retardancy. The backside temperature reached 190.93 °C after 2 h combustion. A unified rule is that as the amount of diluent and curing agent increases, the flame retardancy improves while the mechanical properties decrease. This work provides data support for the preparation and process optimization of resin-based coatings.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/348epoxy resinflame-retardant insulation coatingdiluentcuring agentflame-retardant performancemechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Xukun Yang Yange Wan Nan Yang Yilin Hou Dantong Chen Jiachen Liu Guoshuai Cai Mingchao Wang The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings Materials epoxy resin flame-retardant insulation coating diluent curing agent flame-retardant performance mechanical properties |
| title | The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings |
| title_full | The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings |
| title_short | The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings |
| title_sort | effect of different diluents and curing agents on the performance of epoxy resin based intumescent flame retardant coatings |
| topic | epoxy resin flame-retardant insulation coating diluent curing agent flame-retardant performance mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/348 |
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