No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks
The implications of long-term high calcium (Ca) intake are well documented in growing dogs and in adult dogs of large breed size, however, the consequences on other breeds and breed sizes are yet to be determined. Eighteen neutered adult beagles, nine males and nine females aged 1.4–4.4 years, were...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1799 |
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| author | Jujhar Atwal Jonathan Stockman Matthew Gilham David Allaway Helen Renfrew Anne Marie Bakke Phillip Watson |
| author_facet | Jujhar Atwal Jonathan Stockman Matthew Gilham David Allaway Helen Renfrew Anne Marie Bakke Phillip Watson |
| author_sort | Jujhar Atwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The implications of long-term high calcium (Ca) intake are well documented in growing dogs and in adult dogs of large breed size, however, the consequences on other breeds and breed sizes are yet to be determined. Eighteen neutered adult beagles, nine males and nine females aged 1.4–4.4 years, were randomized to control or test diets providing in g∙4184 kJ<sup>−1</sup> (1000 kcal<sup>−1</sup>): 1.44 and 7.19 total Ca balanced with 1.05 and 4.25 total phosphorus, respectively, for 40 weeks. Health parameters, ultrasound scans, radiographs, glomerular filtration rate, and mineral balance were measured at eight-week intervals. All dogs remained healthy with no measured evidence of orthopedic, urinary, or renal disease. The test diet resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in fecal Ca excretion. Apparent Ca digestibility (%) and Ca balance (g/d) did not significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) change from baseline in the test diet group, although dogs displayed a positive Ca balance (maximum at week 8, 1.11 g/d with 95% CI (0.41, 1.80)) before a neutral Ca balance was restored at week 32. Despite an initial positive Ca balance, we can conclude that no measurable adverse health effects were observed as a result of the test diet fed in this study in beagles over a period of 40 weeks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:21:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4840bba4e10c4551895317eecf07bde9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:21:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4840bba4e10c4551895317eecf07bde92023-11-22T00:22:11ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-06-01116179910.3390/ani11061799No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 WeeksJujhar Atwal0Jonathan Stockman1Matthew Gilham2David Allaway3Helen Renfrew4Anne Marie Bakke5Phillip Watson6WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKRenfrew Imaging, Grove Road, Bladon, Woodstock OX20 1RD, UKWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKThe implications of long-term high calcium (Ca) intake are well documented in growing dogs and in adult dogs of large breed size, however, the consequences on other breeds and breed sizes are yet to be determined. Eighteen neutered adult beagles, nine males and nine females aged 1.4–4.4 years, were randomized to control or test diets providing in g∙4184 kJ<sup>−1</sup> (1000 kcal<sup>−1</sup>): 1.44 and 7.19 total Ca balanced with 1.05 and 4.25 total phosphorus, respectively, for 40 weeks. Health parameters, ultrasound scans, radiographs, glomerular filtration rate, and mineral balance were measured at eight-week intervals. All dogs remained healthy with no measured evidence of orthopedic, urinary, or renal disease. The test diet resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in fecal Ca excretion. Apparent Ca digestibility (%) and Ca balance (g/d) did not significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) change from baseline in the test diet group, although dogs displayed a positive Ca balance (maximum at week 8, 1.11 g/d with 95% CI (0.41, 1.80)) before a neutral Ca balance was restored at week 32. Despite an initial positive Ca balance, we can conclude that no measurable adverse health effects were observed as a result of the test diet fed in this study in beagles over a period of 40 weeks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1799caninenutritionphosphoruscalcium: phosphorus ratiomineral balance |
| spellingShingle | Jujhar Atwal Jonathan Stockman Matthew Gilham David Allaway Helen Renfrew Anne Marie Bakke Phillip Watson No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks Animals canine nutrition phosphorus calcium: phosphorus ratio mineral balance |
| title | No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks |
| title_full | No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks |
| title_fullStr | No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks |
| title_full_unstemmed | No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks |
| title_short | No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks |
| title_sort | no observed adverse effects on health were detected in adult beagle dogs when fed a high calcium diet for 40 weeks |
| topic | canine nutrition phosphorus calcium: phosphorus ratio mineral balance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1799 |
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