XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
We wanted to assess if “Explainable AI” in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) could outperform traditional logistic regression in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) in a large cohort. Two machine learning methods, XGBoost and logistic regression, were compared in predicting risk of M...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221133611 |
| _version_ | 1798022497556234240 |
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| author | Alexander Moore Max Bell |
| author_facet | Alexander Moore Max Bell |
| author_sort | Alexander Moore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We wanted to assess if “Explainable AI” in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) could outperform traditional logistic regression in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) in a large cohort. Two machine learning methods, XGBoost and logistic regression, were compared in predicting risk of MI. The UK Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort including 502 506 volunteers with active consent, aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment from 2006 to 2010. These subjects were followed until end of 2019 and the primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Both models were trained using 90% of the cohort. The remaining 10% was used as a test set. Both models were equally precise, but the regression model classified more of the healthy class correctly. XGBoost was more accurate in identifying individuals who later suffered a myocardial infarction. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) scores are class size invariant. In this metric XGBoost outperformed the logistic regression model, with ROC scores of 0.86 (accuracy 0.75 (CI ±0.00379) and 0.77 (accuracy 0.77 (CI ± 0.00369) respectively. Secondly, we demonstrate how SHAPley values can be used to visualize and interpret the predictions made by XGBoost models, both for the cohort test set and for individuals. The XGBoost machine learning model shows very promising results in evaluating risk of MI in a large and diverse population. This model can be used, and visualized, both for individual assessments and in larger cohorts. The predictions made by the XGBoost models, points toward a future where “Explainable AI” may help to bridge the gap between medicine and data science. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:31:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-484365c6e24a47a883612a2a0065d879 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-5468 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:31:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-484365c6e24a47a883612a2a0065d8792022-12-22T04:12:02ZengSAGE PublishingClinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology1179-54682022-11-011610.1177/11795468221133611XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort StudyAlexander Moore0Max Bell1Head of Data Science at Managed Self Limited, London, England, UKSection of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenWe wanted to assess if “Explainable AI” in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) could outperform traditional logistic regression in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) in a large cohort. Two machine learning methods, XGBoost and logistic regression, were compared in predicting risk of MI. The UK Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort including 502 506 volunteers with active consent, aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment from 2006 to 2010. These subjects were followed until end of 2019 and the primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Both models were trained using 90% of the cohort. The remaining 10% was used as a test set. Both models were equally precise, but the regression model classified more of the healthy class correctly. XGBoost was more accurate in identifying individuals who later suffered a myocardial infarction. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) scores are class size invariant. In this metric XGBoost outperformed the logistic regression model, with ROC scores of 0.86 (accuracy 0.75 (CI ±0.00379) and 0.77 (accuracy 0.77 (CI ± 0.00369) respectively. Secondly, we demonstrate how SHAPley values can be used to visualize and interpret the predictions made by XGBoost models, both for the cohort test set and for individuals. The XGBoost machine learning model shows very promising results in evaluating risk of MI in a large and diverse population. This model can be used, and visualized, both for individual assessments and in larger cohorts. The predictions made by the XGBoost models, points toward a future where “Explainable AI” may help to bridge the gap between medicine and data science.https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221133611 |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Moore Max Bell XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology |
| title | XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study |
| title_full | XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study |
| title_short | XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study |
| title_sort | xgboost a novel explainable ai technique in the prediction of myocardial infarction a uk biobank cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221133611 |
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