Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort
Limited and inconsistent evidence exists on the associations between dietary patterns and overweight during childhood. The present study describes dietary patterns of three-year-old Dutch children and associations between childhood overweight and body mass index (BMI) development between 3 and 10 ye...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/2046 |
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| author | Outi Sirkka Maria Fleischmann Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld Jutka Halberstadt Margreet R. Olthof Jacob C. Seidell Eva Corpeleijn |
| author_facet | Outi Sirkka Maria Fleischmann Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld Jutka Halberstadt Margreet R. Olthof Jacob C. Seidell Eva Corpeleijn |
| author_sort | Outi Sirkka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Limited and inconsistent evidence exists on the associations between dietary patterns and overweight during childhood. The present study describes dietary patterns of three-year-old Dutch children and associations between childhood overweight and body mass index (BMI) development between 3 and 10 years. In the GECKO Drenthe birth cohort (N = 1306), body height and weight were measured around the age of 3, 4, 5, and 10 years, and overweight was defined according to Cole and Lobstein. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure diet at 3 years. Dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis (PCA). Using logistic regression analyses, pattern scores were related to overweight at 3 and 10 years. A linear mixed-effect model was used to estimate BMI-SDS development between 3 to 10 years according to quartiles of adherence to the pattern scores. Two dietary patterns were identified: (1) ‘minimally processed foods’, indicating high intakes of vegetables/sauces/savory dishes, and (2) ‘ultra-processed foods’, indicating high intakes of white bread/crisps/sugary drinks. A 1 SD increase in the ‘ultra-processed foods’ pattern score increased the odds of overweight at 10 years (adjusted OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.57; <i>p</i> = 0.006). The ‘minimally processed foods’ pattern was not associated with overweight. Although a high adherence to both dietary patterns was associated with a higher BMI-SDS up to 10 years of age, a stronger association for the ‘ultra-processed foods’ pattern was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A dietary pattern high in energy-dense and low-fiber ultra-processed foods at 3 years is associated with overweight and a high BMI-SDS later in childhood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:23:21Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:23:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-48493ce593d0461a994006b4c3ffee442023-11-22T00:11:43ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-06-01136204610.3390/nu13062046Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth CohortOuti Sirkka0Maria Fleischmann1Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld2Jutka Halberstadt3Margreet R. Olthof4Jacob C. Seidell5Eva Corpeleijn6Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDanone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsLimited and inconsistent evidence exists on the associations between dietary patterns and overweight during childhood. The present study describes dietary patterns of three-year-old Dutch children and associations between childhood overweight and body mass index (BMI) development between 3 and 10 years. In the GECKO Drenthe birth cohort (N = 1306), body height and weight were measured around the age of 3, 4, 5, and 10 years, and overweight was defined according to Cole and Lobstein. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure diet at 3 years. Dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis (PCA). Using logistic regression analyses, pattern scores were related to overweight at 3 and 10 years. A linear mixed-effect model was used to estimate BMI-SDS development between 3 to 10 years according to quartiles of adherence to the pattern scores. Two dietary patterns were identified: (1) ‘minimally processed foods’, indicating high intakes of vegetables/sauces/savory dishes, and (2) ‘ultra-processed foods’, indicating high intakes of white bread/crisps/sugary drinks. A 1 SD increase in the ‘ultra-processed foods’ pattern score increased the odds of overweight at 10 years (adjusted OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.57; <i>p</i> = 0.006). The ‘minimally processed foods’ pattern was not associated with overweight. Although a high adherence to both dietary patterns was associated with a higher BMI-SDS up to 10 years of age, a stronger association for the ‘ultra-processed foods’ pattern was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A dietary pattern high in energy-dense and low-fiber ultra-processed foods at 3 years is associated with overweight and a high BMI-SDS later in childhood.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/2046overweightdietdietary patternchildhood |
| spellingShingle | Outi Sirkka Maria Fleischmann Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld Jutka Halberstadt Margreet R. Olthof Jacob C. Seidell Eva Corpeleijn Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort Nutrients overweight diet dietary pattern childhood |
| title | Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort |
| title_full | Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort |
| title_short | Dietary Patterns in Early Childhood and the Risk of Childhood Overweight: The GECKO Drenthe Birth Cohort |
| title_sort | dietary patterns in early childhood and the risk of childhood overweight the gecko drenthe birth cohort |
| topic | overweight diet dietary pattern childhood |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/2046 |
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