Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species
<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is considered one of the most relevant pathogenic marine bacteria with a range of virulence factors to establish food-related gastrointestinal infections in humans. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) and some of its derivatives have antimicrobial and antivirulence activ...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2176 |
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| author | Olajide Sunday Faleye Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi Jin-Hyung Lee Jintae Lee |
| author_facet | Olajide Sunday Faleye Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi Jin-Hyung Lee Jintae Lee |
| author_sort | Olajide Sunday Faleye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is considered one of the most relevant pathogenic marine bacteria with a range of virulence factors to establish food-related gastrointestinal infections in humans. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) and some of its derivatives have antimicrobial and antivirulence activities against several bacterial pathogens. This study examined the inhibitory effects of CNMA and its derivatives on biofilm formation and the virulence factors in <i>Vibrio</i> species, particularly <i>V. parahaemolyticus.</i> CNMA and ten of its derivatives were initially screened against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> biofilm formation, and their effects on the production of virulence factors and gene expression were studied. Among the CNMA derivatives tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and 4-bromocinnamaldehyde displayed antibacterial and antivirulence activities, while the backbone CNMA had weak effects. The derivatives could prevent the adhesion of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> to surfaces by the dose-dependent inhibition of cell surface hydrophobicity, fimbriae production, and flagella-mediated swimming and swarming phenotypes. They also decreased the protease secretion required for virulence and indole production, which could act as an important signal molecule. The expression of QS and biofilm-related genes (<i>aphA</i>, <i>cpsA</i>, <i>luxS</i>, and o<i>paR</i>), virulence genes (<i>fliA</i>, <i>tdh</i>, and <i>vopS</i>), and membrane integrity genes (<i>fadL</i>, and <i>nusA</i>) were downregulated in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> by these three CNMA analogs. Interestingly, they eliminated <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and reduced the background flora from the squid surface. In addition, they exhibited similar antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>. This study identified CNMA derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to treat biofilm-mediated <i>Vibrio</i> infections and for surface disinfection in food processing facilities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-485159cfb32d44079c05f6d044122807 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-485159cfb32d44079c05f6d0441228072023-11-23T10:06:57ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-12-011312217610.3390/pharmaceutics13122176Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> SpeciesOlajide Sunday Faleye0Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi1Jin-Hyung Lee2Jintae Lee3School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is considered one of the most relevant pathogenic marine bacteria with a range of virulence factors to establish food-related gastrointestinal infections in humans. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) and some of its derivatives have antimicrobial and antivirulence activities against several bacterial pathogens. This study examined the inhibitory effects of CNMA and its derivatives on biofilm formation and the virulence factors in <i>Vibrio</i> species, particularly <i>V. parahaemolyticus.</i> CNMA and ten of its derivatives were initially screened against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> biofilm formation, and their effects on the production of virulence factors and gene expression were studied. Among the CNMA derivatives tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde, 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and 4-bromocinnamaldehyde displayed antibacterial and antivirulence activities, while the backbone CNMA had weak effects. The derivatives could prevent the adhesion of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> to surfaces by the dose-dependent inhibition of cell surface hydrophobicity, fimbriae production, and flagella-mediated swimming and swarming phenotypes. They also decreased the protease secretion required for virulence and indole production, which could act as an important signal molecule. The expression of QS and biofilm-related genes (<i>aphA</i>, <i>cpsA</i>, <i>luxS</i>, and o<i>paR</i>), virulence genes (<i>fliA</i>, <i>tdh</i>, and <i>vopS</i>), and membrane integrity genes (<i>fadL</i>, and <i>nusA</i>) were downregulated in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> by these three CNMA analogs. Interestingly, they eliminated <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and reduced the background flora from the squid surface. In addition, they exhibited similar antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>. This study identified CNMA derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to treat biofilm-mediated <i>Vibrio</i> infections and for surface disinfection in food processing facilities.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2176antibiofilmantivirulencecinnamaldehydecinnamaldehyde derivatives<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Olajide Sunday Faleye Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi Jin-Hyung Lee Jintae Lee Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species Pharmaceutics antibiofilm antivirulence cinnamaldehyde cinnamaldehyde derivatives <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| title | Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species |
| title_full | Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species |
| title_short | Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in <i>Vibrio</i> Species |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde derivatives on biofilm formation and virulence factors in i vibrio i species |
| topic | antibiofilm antivirulence cinnamaldehyde cinnamaldehyde derivatives <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2176 |
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