The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis
The microbiome can trigger and maintain immune-mediated diseases and is associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the prototype of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The latter can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective-tis...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3195 |
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| author | Fotios Drakopanagiotakis Elisavet Stavropoulou Christina Tsigalou Evangelia Nena Paschalis Steiropoulos |
| author_facet | Fotios Drakopanagiotakis Elisavet Stavropoulou Christina Tsigalou Evangelia Nena Paschalis Steiropoulos |
| author_sort | Fotios Drakopanagiotakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microbiome can trigger and maintain immune-mediated diseases and is associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the prototype of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The latter can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective-tissue diseases (CTD). In the present review, we discuss the current evidence regarding microbiome in CTD-ILD and pulmonary vasculitis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the BAL microbiota is significantly less diverse and abundant, compared to healthy controls. These changes are associated with disease severity. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), gastrointestinal (GI)-dysbiosis is associated with ILD. Butyrate acid administration as a means of restoration of GI-microbiota has reduced the degree of lung fibrosis in animal models. Although related studies are scarce for SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome, studies of the gut, oral and ocular microbiome provide insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. In ANCA-associated vasculitis, disease severity and relapses have been associated with disturbed nasal mucosa microbiota, with immunosuppressive treatment restoring the microbiome changes. The results of these studies suggest however no causal relation. More studies of the lung microbiome in CTD-ILDs are urgently needed, to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4852874cab6841db95ec53cef68b3585 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4852874cab6841db95ec53cef68b35852023-11-24T13:28:30ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-12-011012319510.3390/biomedicines10123195The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary VasculitisFotios Drakopanagiotakis0Elisavet Stavropoulou1Christina Tsigalou2Evangelia Nena3Paschalis Steiropoulos4Department of Pulmonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceService of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois—CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceDepartment of Pulmonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceThe microbiome can trigger and maintain immune-mediated diseases and is associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the prototype of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The latter can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective-tissue diseases (CTD). In the present review, we discuss the current evidence regarding microbiome in CTD-ILD and pulmonary vasculitis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the BAL microbiota is significantly less diverse and abundant, compared to healthy controls. These changes are associated with disease severity. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), gastrointestinal (GI)-dysbiosis is associated with ILD. Butyrate acid administration as a means of restoration of GI-microbiota has reduced the degree of lung fibrosis in animal models. Although related studies are scarce for SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome, studies of the gut, oral and ocular microbiome provide insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. In ANCA-associated vasculitis, disease severity and relapses have been associated with disturbed nasal mucosa microbiota, with immunosuppressive treatment restoring the microbiome changes. The results of these studies suggest however no causal relation. More studies of the lung microbiome in CTD-ILDs are urgently needed, to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3195microbiomelungconnective-tissue diseases (CTD)interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)gut-lung axisSjögren’s syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Fotios Drakopanagiotakis Elisavet Stavropoulou Christina Tsigalou Evangelia Nena Paschalis Steiropoulos The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis Biomedicines microbiome lung connective-tissue diseases (CTD) interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) gut-lung axis Sjögren’s syndrome |
| title | The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis |
| title_full | The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis |
| title_short | The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis |
| title_sort | role of the microbiome in connective tissue associated interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vasculitis |
| topic | microbiome lung connective-tissue diseases (CTD) interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) gut-lung axis Sjögren’s syndrome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3195 |
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