Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae)
The bighead carps of the genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (<i>H. molitrix</i> and <i>H. nobilis</i>) are important aquaculture species. They were subjected to extensive multidisciplinary research, but with cytogenetics confined to conventional protocols only. Here,...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/479 |
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| author | Alexandr Sember Šárka Pelikánová Marcelo de Bello Cioffi Vendula Šlechtová Terumi Hatanaka Hiep Do Doan Martin Knytl Petr Ráb |
| author_facet | Alexandr Sember Šárka Pelikánová Marcelo de Bello Cioffi Vendula Šlechtová Terumi Hatanaka Hiep Do Doan Martin Knytl Petr Ráb |
| author_sort | Alexandr Sember |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bighead carps of the genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (<i>H. molitrix</i> and <i>H. nobilis</i>) are important aquaculture species. They were subjected to extensive multidisciplinary research, but with cytogenetics confined to conventional protocols only. Here, we employed Giemsa-/C-/CMA<sub>3</sub>- stainings and chromosomal mapping of multigene families and telomeric repeats. Both species shared (i) a diploid chromosome number 2<i>n</i> = 48 and the karyotype structure, (ii) low amount of constitutive heterochromatin, (iii) the absence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs), (iv) a single pair of 5S rDNA loci adjacent to one major rDNA cluster, and (v) a single pair of co-localized U1/U2 snDNA tandem repeats. Both species, on the other hand, differed in (i) the presence/absence of remarkable interstitial block of constitutive heterochromatin on the largest acrocentric pair 11 and (ii) the number of major (CMA<sub>3</sub>-positive) rDNA sites. Additionally, we applied here, for the first time, the conventional cytogenetics in <i>H. harmandi</i>, a species considered extinct in the wild and/or extensively cross-hybridized with <i>H. molitrix</i>. Its 2<i>n</i> and karyotype description match those found in the previous two species, while silver staining showed differences in distribution of major rDNA. The bighead carps thus represent another case of taxonomic diversity not associated with gross karyotype differentiation, where 2n and karyotype structure cannot help in distinguishing between genomes of closely related species. On the other hand, we demonstrated that two cytogenetic characters (distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and major rDNA) may be useful for diagnosis of pure species. The universality of these markers must be further verified by analyzing other pure populations of bighead carps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:10:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-48543b0742904b6989c7b69dc5006bd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:10:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-48543b0742904b6989c7b69dc5006bd82023-11-19T22:55:51ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-04-0111547910.3390/genes11050479Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae)Alexandr Sember0Šárka Pelikánová1Marcelo de Bello Cioffi2Vendula Šlechtová3Terumi Hatanaka4Hiep Do Doan5Martin Knytl6Petr Ráb7Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech RepublicDepartamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech RepublicDepartamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, São Carlos 13565-905, BrazilResearch Institute of Aquaculture No. 1, Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh 16000, VietnamDepartment of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 2-128-43 Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech RepublicThe bighead carps of the genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (<i>H. molitrix</i> and <i>H. nobilis</i>) are important aquaculture species. They were subjected to extensive multidisciplinary research, but with cytogenetics confined to conventional protocols only. Here, we employed Giemsa-/C-/CMA<sub>3</sub>- stainings and chromosomal mapping of multigene families and telomeric repeats. Both species shared (i) a diploid chromosome number 2<i>n</i> = 48 and the karyotype structure, (ii) low amount of constitutive heterochromatin, (iii) the absence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs), (iv) a single pair of 5S rDNA loci adjacent to one major rDNA cluster, and (v) a single pair of co-localized U1/U2 snDNA tandem repeats. Both species, on the other hand, differed in (i) the presence/absence of remarkable interstitial block of constitutive heterochromatin on the largest acrocentric pair 11 and (ii) the number of major (CMA<sub>3</sub>-positive) rDNA sites. Additionally, we applied here, for the first time, the conventional cytogenetics in <i>H. harmandi</i>, a species considered extinct in the wild and/or extensively cross-hybridized with <i>H. molitrix</i>. Its 2<i>n</i> and karyotype description match those found in the previous two species, while silver staining showed differences in distribution of major rDNA. The bighead carps thus represent another case of taxonomic diversity not associated with gross karyotype differentiation, where 2n and karyotype structure cannot help in distinguishing between genomes of closely related species. On the other hand, we demonstrated that two cytogenetic characters (distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and major rDNA) may be useful for diagnosis of pure species. The universality of these markers must be further verified by analyzing other pure populations of bighead carps.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/479comparative fish cytogeneticscytotaxonomychromosome bandingEast Asian cypriniform fishesFISHrDNA |
| spellingShingle | Alexandr Sember Šárka Pelikánová Marcelo de Bello Cioffi Vendula Šlechtová Terumi Hatanaka Hiep Do Doan Martin Knytl Petr Ráb Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) Genes comparative fish cytogenetics cytotaxonomy chromosome banding East Asian cypriniform fishes FISH rDNA |
| title | Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) |
| title_full | Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) |
| title_fullStr | Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) |
| title_short | Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus <i>Hypophthalmichthys</i> (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae) |
| title_sort | taxonomic diversity not associated with gross karyotype differentiation the case of bighead carps genus i hypophthalmichthys i teleostei cypriniformes xenocyprididae |
| topic | comparative fish cytogenetics cytotaxonomy chromosome banding East Asian cypriniform fishes FISH rDNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/479 |
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