Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties
Additively manufactured Scalmalloy® using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been showing increasing potential for industrial adoption. Its intended application in space, aerospace, and automotive industries requires extensive testing and characterization to produce parts with repeatable properties...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423014771 |
| _version_ | 1827867597883834368 |
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| author | Shawkat Imam Shakil Leandro González-Rovira Leticia Cabrera-Correa Juan de Dios López-Castro Miguel Castillo-Rodríguez F. Javier Botana Meysam Haghshenas |
| author_facet | Shawkat Imam Shakil Leandro González-Rovira Leticia Cabrera-Correa Juan de Dios López-Castro Miguel Castillo-Rodríguez F. Javier Botana Meysam Haghshenas |
| author_sort | Shawkat Imam Shakil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additively manufactured Scalmalloy® using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been showing increasing potential for industrial adoption. Its intended application in space, aerospace, and automotive industries requires extensive testing and characterization to produce parts with repeatable properties and safe operations. In the present paper, a thorough investigation of the association between small-scale (micro/nano-scale) and macro-scale (e.g., tensile) properties and microstructural features has been conducted. The prime novelty is the correlation of the small-scale hardness with the tensile properties, which is studied in both as-built and heat-treated conditions (325 °C/4 h) along parallel and perpendicular build directions of the samples. Advanced microstructural characterization including scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), was carried out on each condition to correlate microstructure and mechanical properties. While significant improvement in strength was found from as-built to heat-treated conditions, due to the precipitation of secondary Al3Sc and Al3(Sc, Zr), grain size or texture did not change considerably. The grain size analysis revealed a fine-grained zone (FGZ: mostly between 0.5 and 1 μm) next to the coarse-grained zone (CGZ: mostly between 2 and 15 μm). All samples show texture-free FGZ and textured CGZ with a predominance of <001> crystal directions parallel to the building direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:19:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4858f00481a34a8d94c92d5b8a525de3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:19:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4858f00481a34a8d94c92d5b8a525de32023-08-11T05:34:00ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-07-012544094424Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale propertiesShawkat Imam Shakil0Leandro González-Rovira1Leticia Cabrera-Correa2Juan de Dios López-Castro3Miguel Castillo-Rodríguez4F. Javier Botana5Meysam Haghshenas6Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USADepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11519, Spain; IMEYMAT: Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Corresponding author. Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11519, Spain.Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11519, Spain; IMEYMAT: Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Titania, Ensayos y Proyectos Industriales S.L. Ed. RETSE, Nave 4, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11519, Spain; IMEYMAT: Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Titania, Ensayos y Proyectos Industriales S.L. Ed. RETSE, Nave 4, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, SpainDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11519, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11519, Spain; IMEYMAT: Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials, Universidad de Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Corresponding author.Additively manufactured Scalmalloy® using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been showing increasing potential for industrial adoption. Its intended application in space, aerospace, and automotive industries requires extensive testing and characterization to produce parts with repeatable properties and safe operations. In the present paper, a thorough investigation of the association between small-scale (micro/nano-scale) and macro-scale (e.g., tensile) properties and microstructural features has been conducted. The prime novelty is the correlation of the small-scale hardness with the tensile properties, which is studied in both as-built and heat-treated conditions (325 °C/4 h) along parallel and perpendicular build directions of the samples. Advanced microstructural characterization including scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), was carried out on each condition to correlate microstructure and mechanical properties. While significant improvement in strength was found from as-built to heat-treated conditions, due to the precipitation of secondary Al3Sc and Al3(Sc, Zr), grain size or texture did not change considerably. The grain size analysis revealed a fine-grained zone (FGZ: mostly between 0.5 and 1 μm) next to the coarse-grained zone (CGZ: mostly between 2 and 15 μm). All samples show texture-free FGZ and textured CGZ with a predominance of <001> crystal directions parallel to the building direction.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423014771Additive manufacturingLPBFScalmalloyHardness-strengthNanoindentation |
| spellingShingle | Shawkat Imam Shakil Leandro González-Rovira Leticia Cabrera-Correa Juan de Dios López-Castro Miguel Castillo-Rodríguez F. Javier Botana Meysam Haghshenas Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties Journal of Materials Research and Technology Additive manufacturing LPBF Scalmalloy Hardness-strength Nanoindentation |
| title | Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| title_full | Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| title_fullStr | Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| title_short | Insights into laser powder bed fused Scalmalloy®: investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| title_sort | insights into laser powder bed fused scalmalloy r investigating the correlation between micromechanical and macroscale properties |
| topic | Additive manufacturing LPBF Scalmalloy Hardness-strength Nanoindentation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423014771 |
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