The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community
Phenylketonuria (PKU) can lead to severe intellectual impairment unless a phenylalanine-restricted diet starts early in life. It requires expert user knowledge about the protein content of foods. The ability of adults or caregivers of children with PKU to calculate protein exchanges from food labels...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1355 |
| _version_ | 1797438198152953856 |
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| author | Imogen Hall Alex Pinto Sharon Evans Anne Daly Catherine Ashmore Suzanne Ford Sharon Buckley Anita MacDonald |
| author_facet | Imogen Hall Alex Pinto Sharon Evans Anne Daly Catherine Ashmore Suzanne Ford Sharon Buckley Anita MacDonald |
| author_sort | Imogen Hall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenylketonuria (PKU) can lead to severe intellectual impairment unless a phenylalanine-restricted diet starts early in life. It requires expert user knowledge about the protein content of foods. The ability of adults or caregivers of children with PKU to calculate protein exchanges from food labels on manufactured foods and any difficulties they encounter in interpreting food labels has not been studied systematically. Individuals with PKU or their caregivers residing in the UK were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey that collected both qualitative and quantitative data about their experience when calculating protein exchanges from the food labelling on prepackaged foods. Data was available from 246 questionnaire respondents (152 caregivers of patients with PKU aged <18 years, 57 patients with PKU aged ≥18 years or their caregivers (<i>n</i> = 28), and 9 teenagers with PKU). Thirty-one per cent (<i>n</i> = 76/246) found it difficult to interpret food protein exchanges from food labels. The respondents listed that the main issues with protein labelling were the non-specification of whether the protein content was for the cooked or uncooked weight (64%, <i>n</i> = 158/246); labels stating foods contained 0 g protein but then included protein sources in the list of ingredients (56%, <i>n</i> = 137/246); the protein content being given after a product was prepared with regular milk rather than the dry weight of the product (55%, <i>n</i> = 135/246); and the non-clarity of whether the protein content was for the weight of prepared or unprepared food (in addition to non-specification of cooked or uncooked weights on food labelling) (54%, <i>n</i> = 133/246). Over 90% (<i>n</i> = 222/246) of respondents had experienced problems with food labelling in the previous six months. Misleading or confusing protein labelling of manufactured foods was common. The food industry and legislators have a duty to provide accurate and clear protein food labelling to protect populations requiring low protein diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:33:25Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:33:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-485ca8f6e1d544cfaf5f4e4dfd29b9f82023-11-30T23:47:02ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-03-01147135510.3390/nu14071355The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU CommunityImogen Hall0Alex Pinto1Sharon Evans2Anne Daly3Catherine Ashmore4Suzanne Ford5Sharon Buckley6Anita MacDonald7Faculty of Health, Education & Life Sciences, Birmingham City University City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 3TN, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKNational Society for Phenylketonuria, P.O. Box 6046, Sheffield S12 9ET, UKDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Campus, Manchester Metropolitan University, 53 Bonsall Street, Manchester M15 6GX, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKPhenylketonuria (PKU) can lead to severe intellectual impairment unless a phenylalanine-restricted diet starts early in life. It requires expert user knowledge about the protein content of foods. The ability of adults or caregivers of children with PKU to calculate protein exchanges from food labels on manufactured foods and any difficulties they encounter in interpreting food labels has not been studied systematically. Individuals with PKU or their caregivers residing in the UK were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey that collected both qualitative and quantitative data about their experience when calculating protein exchanges from the food labelling on prepackaged foods. Data was available from 246 questionnaire respondents (152 caregivers of patients with PKU aged <18 years, 57 patients with PKU aged ≥18 years or their caregivers (<i>n</i> = 28), and 9 teenagers with PKU). Thirty-one per cent (<i>n</i> = 76/246) found it difficult to interpret food protein exchanges from food labels. The respondents listed that the main issues with protein labelling were the non-specification of whether the protein content was for the cooked or uncooked weight (64%, <i>n</i> = 158/246); labels stating foods contained 0 g protein but then included protein sources in the list of ingredients (56%, <i>n</i> = 137/246); the protein content being given after a product was prepared with regular milk rather than the dry weight of the product (55%, <i>n</i> = 135/246); and the non-clarity of whether the protein content was for the weight of prepared or unprepared food (in addition to non-specification of cooked or uncooked weights on food labelling) (54%, <i>n</i> = 133/246). Over 90% (<i>n</i> = 222/246) of respondents had experienced problems with food labelling in the previous six months. Misleading or confusing protein labelling of manufactured foods was common. The food industry and legislators have a duty to provide accurate and clear protein food labelling to protect populations requiring low protein diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1355phenylketonuriafood labellingprotein |
| spellingShingle | Imogen Hall Alex Pinto Sharon Evans Anne Daly Catherine Ashmore Suzanne Ford Sharon Buckley Anita MacDonald The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community Nutrients phenylketonuria food labelling protein |
| title | The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community |
| title_full | The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community |
| title_fullStr | The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community |
| title_short | The Challenges and Dilemmas of Interpreting Protein Labelling of Prepackaged Foods Encountered by the PKU Community |
| title_sort | challenges and dilemmas of interpreting protein labelling of prepackaged foods encountered by the pku community |
| topic | phenylketonuria food labelling protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1355 |
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