Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen
Abstract Host nutrient supply can mediate host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, plant nutrient supply is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential role of soil microbes in plant diseases beyond soil‐borne pathogens and induced plant defenses. Long‐term nit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8450 |
| _version_ | 1797924561222631424 |
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| author | Casey A. Easterday Amy E. Kendig Christelle Lacroix Eric W. Seabloom Elizabeth T. Borer |
| author_facet | Casey A. Easterday Amy E. Kendig Christelle Lacroix Eric W. Seabloom Elizabeth T. Borer |
| author_sort | Casey A. Easterday |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Host nutrient supply can mediate host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, plant nutrient supply is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential role of soil microbes in plant diseases beyond soil‐borne pathogens and induced plant defenses. Long‐term nitrogen (N) enrichment can shift pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil microbial community composition and function, but it is unclear if these shifts affect plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In a growth chamber experiment, we tested the effect of long‐term N enrichment on infection by Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV‐PAV) and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV‐RPV), aphid‐vectored RNA viruses, in a grass host. We inoculated sterilized growing medium with soil collected from a long‐term N enrichment experiment (ambient, low, and high N soil treatments) to isolate effects mediated by the soil microbial community. We crossed soil treatments with a N supply treatment (low, high) and virus inoculation treatment (mock‐, singly‐, and co‐inoculated) to evaluate the effects of long‐term N enrichment on plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, as mediated by N availability. We measured the proportion of plants infected (i.e., incidence), plant biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content. BYDV‐PAV incidence (0.96) declined with low N soil (to 0.46), high N supply (to 0.61), and co‐inoculation (to 0.32). Low N soil mediated the effect of N supply on BYDV‐PAV: instead of N supply reducing BYDV‐PAV incidence, the incidence increased. Additionally, ambient and low N soil ameliorated the negative effect of co‐inoculation on BYDV‐PAV incidence. BYDV‐PAV infection only reduced chlorophyll when plants were grown with low N supply and ambient N soil. There were no significant effects of long‐term N soil on CYDV‐RPV incidence. Soil inoculant with different levels of long‐term N enrichment had different effects on host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, suggesting that shifts in soil microbial communities with long‐term N enrichment may mediate disease dynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:02:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-485ff42b8fcb47be9e8573a36a886c36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:02:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-485ff42b8fcb47be9e8573a36a886c362023-02-15T09:06:07ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582022-01-01121n/an/a10.1002/ece3.8450Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogenCasey A. Easterday0Amy E. Kendig1Christelle Lacroix2Eric W. Seabloom3Elizabeth T. Borer4Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USAAbstract Host nutrient supply can mediate host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, plant nutrient supply is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential role of soil microbes in plant diseases beyond soil‐borne pathogens and induced plant defenses. Long‐term nitrogen (N) enrichment can shift pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil microbial community composition and function, but it is unclear if these shifts affect plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In a growth chamber experiment, we tested the effect of long‐term N enrichment on infection by Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV‐PAV) and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV‐RPV), aphid‐vectored RNA viruses, in a grass host. We inoculated sterilized growing medium with soil collected from a long‐term N enrichment experiment (ambient, low, and high N soil treatments) to isolate effects mediated by the soil microbial community. We crossed soil treatments with a N supply treatment (low, high) and virus inoculation treatment (mock‐, singly‐, and co‐inoculated) to evaluate the effects of long‐term N enrichment on plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, as mediated by N availability. We measured the proportion of plants infected (i.e., incidence), plant biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content. BYDV‐PAV incidence (0.96) declined with low N soil (to 0.46), high N supply (to 0.61), and co‐inoculation (to 0.32). Low N soil mediated the effect of N supply on BYDV‐PAV: instead of N supply reducing BYDV‐PAV incidence, the incidence increased. Additionally, ambient and low N soil ameliorated the negative effect of co‐inoculation on BYDV‐PAV incidence. BYDV‐PAV infection only reduced chlorophyll when plants were grown with low N supply and ambient N soil. There were no significant effects of long‐term N soil on CYDV‐RPV incidence. Soil inoculant with different levels of long‐term N enrichment had different effects on host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, suggesting that shifts in soil microbial communities with long‐term N enrichment may mediate disease dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8450Avena sativaBarley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Viruseslong‐term N enrichmentplant–pathogen interactionssoil microbesvectored plant pathogen |
| spellingShingle | Casey A. Easterday Amy E. Kendig Christelle Lacroix Eric W. Seabloom Elizabeth T. Borer Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen Ecology and Evolution Avena sativa Barley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Viruses long‐term N enrichment plant–pathogen interactions soil microbes vectored plant pathogen |
| title | Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| title_full | Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| title_fullStr | Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| title_short | Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| title_sort | long term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co inoculation on a viral pathogen |
| topic | Avena sativa Barley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Viruses long‐term N enrichment plant–pathogen interactions soil microbes vectored plant pathogen |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8450 |
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