Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons
The Regional Carbon Balance in Amazonia (BARCA) campaign provided the first Amazon Basin-wide aircraft measurements of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) during both the dry-to-wet (November and December 2008) and wet-to-dry (May 2009) transition seasons. Extremely low background values (< 20 ppb)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/757/2015/acp-15-757-2015.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811306063116369920 |
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| author | M. M. Bela K. M. Longo S. R. Freitas D. S. Moreira V. Beck S. C. Wofsy C. Gerbig K. Wiedemann M. O. Andreae P. Artaxo |
| author_facet | M. M. Bela K. M. Longo S. R. Freitas D. S. Moreira V. Beck S. C. Wofsy C. Gerbig K. Wiedemann M. O. Andreae P. Artaxo |
| author_sort | M. M. Bela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Regional Carbon Balance in Amazonia (BARCA) campaign provided the first
Amazon Basin-wide aircraft measurements of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) during both the
dry-to-wet (November and December 2008) and wet-to-dry (May 2009) transition
seasons. Extremely low background values (< 20 ppb) were observed
to the west and north of Manaus in both seasons and in all regions during the
wet-to-dry transition. On the other hand, elevated O<sub>3</sub> levels
(40–60 ppb) were seen during the dry-to-wet transition to the east and
south of Manaus, where biomass burning emissions of O<sub>3</sub> precursors were
present. Chemistry simulations with the CCATT-BRAMS and WRF-Chem models are
within the error bars of the observed O<sub>3</sub> profiles in the boundary layer
(0–3 km a.s.l.) in polluted conditions. However, the models overestimate
O<sub>3</sub> in the boundary layer in clean conditions, despite lacking the
predominant NO source from soil. In addition, O<sub>3</sub> simulated by the models
was either within the error bars or lower than BARCA observations in
mid-levels (3–5 km a.s.l.), and lower than total tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
retrieved from the OMI/MLS instruments, which is primarily comprised of
middle troposphere O<sub>3</sub> and thus reflects long-range transport processes.
Therefore, the models do a relatively poor job of representing the free
troposphere-boundary layer gradient in O<sub>3</sub> compared with aircraft and
satellite observations, which could be due to missing long-range and
convective transport of O<sub>3</sub> at mid-levels. Additional simulations with
WRF-Chem showed that the model O<sub>3</sub> production is very sensitive to both
the O<sub>3</sub> deposition velocities and the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, which
were both about one-half of observed values. These results indicate the
necessity of more realistic model representations of emissions, deposition,
and convective processes for accurate monitoring and prediction of increases
in O<sub>3</sub> production in the Amazon Basin as the regional population grows. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:37:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-486eda4727114a849126a7173752d422 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:37:38Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-486eda4727114a849126a7173752d4222022-12-22T02:54:01ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242015-01-0115275778210.5194/acp-15-757-2015Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasonsM. M. Bela0K. M. Longo1S. R. Freitas2D. S. Moreira3V. Beck4S. C. Wofsy5C. Gerbig6K. Wiedemann7M. O. Andreae8P. Artaxo9Center for Earth System Science (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, BrazilCenter for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, BrazilCenter for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, BrazilCenter for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, BrazilMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, GermanyDivision of Engineering and Applied Science/Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USAMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, GermanyDivision of Engineering and Applied Science/Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USABiogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyInstitute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilThe Regional Carbon Balance in Amazonia (BARCA) campaign provided the first Amazon Basin-wide aircraft measurements of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) during both the dry-to-wet (November and December 2008) and wet-to-dry (May 2009) transition seasons. Extremely low background values (< 20 ppb) were observed to the west and north of Manaus in both seasons and in all regions during the wet-to-dry transition. On the other hand, elevated O<sub>3</sub> levels (40–60 ppb) were seen during the dry-to-wet transition to the east and south of Manaus, where biomass burning emissions of O<sub>3</sub> precursors were present. Chemistry simulations with the CCATT-BRAMS and WRF-Chem models are within the error bars of the observed O<sub>3</sub> profiles in the boundary layer (0–3 km a.s.l.) in polluted conditions. However, the models overestimate O<sub>3</sub> in the boundary layer in clean conditions, despite lacking the predominant NO source from soil. In addition, O<sub>3</sub> simulated by the models was either within the error bars or lower than BARCA observations in mid-levels (3–5 km a.s.l.), and lower than total tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> retrieved from the OMI/MLS instruments, which is primarily comprised of middle troposphere O<sub>3</sub> and thus reflects long-range transport processes. Therefore, the models do a relatively poor job of representing the free troposphere-boundary layer gradient in O<sub>3</sub> compared with aircraft and satellite observations, which could be due to missing long-range and convective transport of O<sub>3</sub> at mid-levels. Additional simulations with WRF-Chem showed that the model O<sub>3</sub> production is very sensitive to both the O<sub>3</sub> deposition velocities and the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, which were both about one-half of observed values. These results indicate the necessity of more realistic model representations of emissions, deposition, and convective processes for accurate monitoring and prediction of increases in O<sub>3</sub> production in the Amazon Basin as the regional population grows.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/757/2015/acp-15-757-2015.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. M. Bela K. M. Longo S. R. Freitas D. S. Moreira V. Beck S. C. Wofsy C. Gerbig K. Wiedemann M. O. Andreae P. Artaxo Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons |
| title_full | Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons |
| title_fullStr | Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons |
| title_short | Ozone production and transport over the Amazon Basin during the dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry transition seasons |
| title_sort | ozone production and transport over the amazon basin during the dry to wet and wet to dry transition seasons |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/757/2015/acp-15-757-2015.pdf |
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