Mechanical Forces in Floral Development
Mechanical forces acting within the plant body that can mold flower shape throughout development received little attention. The palette of action of these forces ranges from mechanical pressures on organ primordia at the microscopic level up to the twisting of a peduncle that promotes resupination o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/661 |
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| author | Kester Bull–Hereñu Patricia dos Santos João Felipe Ginefra Toni Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra Pakkapol Thaowetsuwan Julius Jeiter Louis Philippe Ronse De Craene Akitoshi Iwamoto |
| author_facet | Kester Bull–Hereñu Patricia dos Santos João Felipe Ginefra Toni Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra Pakkapol Thaowetsuwan Julius Jeiter Louis Philippe Ronse De Craene Akitoshi Iwamoto |
| author_sort | Kester Bull–Hereñu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mechanical forces acting within the plant body that can mold flower shape throughout development received little attention. The palette of action of these forces ranges from mechanical pressures on organ primordia at the microscopic level up to the twisting of a peduncle that promotes resupination of a flower at the macroscopic level. Here, we argue that without these forces acting during the ontogenetic process, the actual flower phenotype would not be achieved as it is. In this review, we concentrate on mechanical forces that occur at the microscopic level and determine the fate of the flower shape by the physical constraints on meristems at an early stage of development. We thus highlight the generative role of mechanical forces over the floral phenotype and underline our general view of flower development as the sum of interactions of known physiological and genetic processes, together with physical aspects and mechanical events that are entangled towards the shaping of the mature flower. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-486f1ff18a0c4156b1d295309cc9a9c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-486f1ff18a0c4156b1d295309cc9a9c32023-11-23T23:36:17ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-02-0111566110.3390/plants11050661Mechanical Forces in Floral DevelopmentKester Bull–Hereñu0Patricia dos Santos1João Felipe Ginefra Toni2Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra3Pakkapol Thaowetsuwan4Julius Jeiter5Louis Philippe Ronse De Craene6Akitoshi Iwamoto7Fundación Flores, Ministro Carvajal 30, Santiago 7500801, ChileCentre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, PortugalFaculty of Biological Sciences, Friederich Schiller University of Jena, 07743 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, BrazilDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Silpakorn University, Nakhorn Pathom 73000, ThailandNees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, GermanyRoyal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UKDepartment of Biological sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka 259-1293, JapanMechanical forces acting within the plant body that can mold flower shape throughout development received little attention. The palette of action of these forces ranges from mechanical pressures on organ primordia at the microscopic level up to the twisting of a peduncle that promotes resupination of a flower at the macroscopic level. Here, we argue that without these forces acting during the ontogenetic process, the actual flower phenotype would not be achieved as it is. In this review, we concentrate on mechanical forces that occur at the microscopic level and determine the fate of the flower shape by the physical constraints on meristems at an early stage of development. We thus highlight the generative role of mechanical forces over the floral phenotype and underline our general view of flower development as the sum of interactions of known physiological and genetic processes, together with physical aspects and mechanical events that are entangled towards the shaping of the mature flower.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/661floral developmentflower shapegrowth forcesmechanical forcesorgan imprintpressure |
| spellingShingle | Kester Bull–Hereñu Patricia dos Santos João Felipe Ginefra Toni Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra Pakkapol Thaowetsuwan Julius Jeiter Louis Philippe Ronse De Craene Akitoshi Iwamoto Mechanical Forces in Floral Development Plants floral development flower shape growth forces mechanical forces organ imprint pressure |
| title | Mechanical Forces in Floral Development |
| title_full | Mechanical Forces in Floral Development |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Forces in Floral Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Forces in Floral Development |
| title_short | Mechanical Forces in Floral Development |
| title_sort | mechanical forces in floral development |
| topic | floral development flower shape growth forces mechanical forces organ imprint pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/661 |
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