Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular
Abstract Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-04-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-019-3935-1 |
| _version_ | 1818081154709848064 |
|---|---|
| author | Rebecca Mann Flueckiger Emanuele Giorgi Jorge Cano Mariamo Abdala Olga Nelson Amiel Gilbert Baayenda Ana Bakhtiari Wilfrid Batcho Kamal Hashim Bennawi Michael Dejene Balgesa Elkheir Elshafie Aba Ange Elvis Missamou François André Goepogui Khumbo Kalua Biruck Kebede Genet Kiflu Michael P. Masika Marilia Massangaie Caleb Mpyet Jean Ndjemba Jeremiah M. Ngondi Nicholas Olobio Patrick Turyaguma Rebecca Willis Souleymane Yeo Anthony W. Solomon Rachel L. Pullan |
| author_facet | Rebecca Mann Flueckiger Emanuele Giorgi Jorge Cano Mariamo Abdala Olga Nelson Amiel Gilbert Baayenda Ana Bakhtiari Wilfrid Batcho Kamal Hashim Bennawi Michael Dejene Balgesa Elkheir Elshafie Aba Ange Elvis Missamou François André Goepogui Khumbo Kalua Biruck Kebede Genet Kiflu Michael P. Masika Marilia Massangaie Caleb Mpyet Jean Ndjemba Jeremiah M. Ngondi Nicholas Olobio Patrick Turyaguma Rebecca Willis Souleymane Yeo Anthony W. Solomon Rachel L. Pullan |
| author_sort | Rebecca Mann Flueckiger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. Methods We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. Results The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. Conclusion We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:01:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48766c3543b245019ece3398737cf05d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:01:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-48766c3543b245019ece3398737cf05d2022-12-22T01:36:59ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342019-04-0119111610.1186/s12879-019-3935-1Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicularRebecca Mann Flueckiger0Emanuele Giorgi1Jorge Cano2Mariamo Abdala3Olga Nelson Amiel4Gilbert Baayenda5Ana Bakhtiari6Wilfrid Batcho7Kamal Hashim Bennawi8Michael Dejene9Balgesa Elkheir Elshafie10Aba Ange Elvis11Missamou François12André Goepogui13Khumbo Kalua14Biruck Kebede15Genet Kiflu16Michael P. Masika17Marilia Massangaie18Caleb Mpyet19Jean Ndjemba20Jeremiah M. Ngondi21Nicholas Olobio22Patrick Turyaguma23Rebecca Willis24Souleymane Yeo25Anthony W. Solomon26Rachel L. Pullan27London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLancaster Medical School, Lancaster UniversityLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineOphthalmology Department, Ministry of HealthOphthalmology Department, Ministry of HealthTrachoma Program, Ministry of HealthTask Force for Global HealthProgramme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Transmissibles, Ministère de la SantéPrevention of Blindness Program, Federal Ministry of HealthMichael Dejene Public Health Consultancy ServicesNational Program for Prevention of Blindness, Federal Ministry of HealthProgramme National de la Santé Oculaire et de la lutte contre l’OnchocercoseDirection de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Ministere de la Santé PubliqueProgrammes National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercoses et les autres Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la SanteBlantyre Institute for Community OutreachFederal Ministry of HealthFederal Ministry of HealthMinistry of HealthOphthalmology Department, Ministry of HealthSightsavers NigeriaDirection de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Ministere de la Santé PubliqueRTI InternationalNigeria Trachoma Elimination Program, Federal Ministry of HealthTrachoma Program, Ministry of HealthTask Force for Global HealthProgramme National de la Santé Oculaire et de la lutte contre l’OnchocercoseLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineAbstract Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. Methods We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. Results The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. Conclusion We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-019-3935-1TrachomaTrichiasisBlindnessVisual impairmentNeglected tropical diseaseEpidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca Mann Flueckiger Emanuele Giorgi Jorge Cano Mariamo Abdala Olga Nelson Amiel Gilbert Baayenda Ana Bakhtiari Wilfrid Batcho Kamal Hashim Bennawi Michael Dejene Balgesa Elkheir Elshafie Aba Ange Elvis Missamou François André Goepogui Khumbo Kalua Biruck Kebede Genet Kiflu Michael P. Masika Marilia Massangaie Caleb Mpyet Jean Ndjemba Jeremiah M. Ngondi Nicholas Olobio Patrick Turyaguma Rebecca Willis Souleymane Yeo Anthony W. Solomon Rachel L. Pullan Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular BMC Infectious Diseases Trachoma Trichiasis Blindness Visual impairment Neglected tropical disease Epidemiology |
| title | Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular |
| title_full | Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular |
| title_short | Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation—follicular |
| title_sort | understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation follicular |
| topic | Trachoma Trichiasis Blindness Visual impairment Neglected tropical disease Epidemiology |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-019-3935-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rebeccamannflueckiger understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT emanuelegiorgi understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT jorgecano understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT mariamoabdala understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT olganelsonamiel understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT gilbertbaayenda understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT anabakhtiari understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT wilfridbatcho understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT kamalhashimbennawi understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT michaeldejene understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT balgesaelkheirelshafie understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT abaangeelvis understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT missamoufrancois understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT andregoepogui understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT khumbokalua understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT biruckkebede understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT genetkiflu understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT michaelpmasika understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT mariliamassangaie understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT calebmpyet understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT jeanndjemba understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT jeremiahmngondi understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT nicholasolobio understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT patrickturyaguma understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT rebeccawillis understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT souleymaneyeo understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT anthonywsolomon understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular AT rachellpullan understandingthespatialdistributionoftrichiasisanditsassociationwithtrachomatousinflammationfollicular |