The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a central and regulatory role in almost all cells, organs, and species, which has been broadly recognized since the human ENCODE project and several other genome projects. Nevertheless, a small fraction of ncRNAs have been identified, and in the placenta they have been...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1588 |
| _version_ | 1797505244825911296 |
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| author | Milena Žarković Franziska Hufsky Udo R. Markert Manja Marz |
| author_facet | Milena Žarković Franziska Hufsky Udo R. Markert Manja Marz |
| author_sort | Milena Žarković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a central and regulatory role in almost all cells, organs, and species, which has been broadly recognized since the human ENCODE project and several other genome projects. Nevertheless, a small fraction of ncRNAs have been identified, and in the placenta they have been investigated very marginally. To date, most examples of ncRNAs which have been identified to be specific for fetal tissues, including placenta, are members of the group of microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their quantity, it can be expected that the fairly larger group of other ncRNAs exerts far stronger effects than miRNAs. The syncytiotrophoblast of fetal origin forms the interface between fetus and mother, and releases permanently extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the maternal circulation which contain fetal proteins and RNA, including ncRNA, for communication with neighboring and distant maternal cells. Disorders of ncRNA in placental tissue, especially in trophoblast cells, and in EVs seem to be involved in pregnancy disorders, potentially as a cause or consequence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on placental ncRNA, their transport in EVs, and their involvement and pregnancy pathologies, as well as their potential for novel diagnostic tools. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:15:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-488133ecc0c1446b8871983dabd75d87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:15:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-488133ecc0c1446b8871983dabd75d872023-11-23T08:01:26ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-05-01119158810.3390/cells11091588The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human PlacentaMilena Žarković0Franziska Hufsky1Udo R. Markert2Manja Marz3RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, GermanyRNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, GermanyPlacenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, GermanyRNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, GermanyNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a central and regulatory role in almost all cells, organs, and species, which has been broadly recognized since the human ENCODE project and several other genome projects. Nevertheless, a small fraction of ncRNAs have been identified, and in the placenta they have been investigated very marginally. To date, most examples of ncRNAs which have been identified to be specific for fetal tissues, including placenta, are members of the group of microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their quantity, it can be expected that the fairly larger group of other ncRNAs exerts far stronger effects than miRNAs. The syncytiotrophoblast of fetal origin forms the interface between fetus and mother, and releases permanently extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the maternal circulation which contain fetal proteins and RNA, including ncRNA, for communication with neighboring and distant maternal cells. Disorders of ncRNA in placental tissue, especially in trophoblast cells, and in EVs seem to be involved in pregnancy disorders, potentially as a cause or consequence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on placental ncRNA, their transport in EVs, and their involvement and pregnancy pathologies, as well as their potential for novel diagnostic tools.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1588non-coding RNAscircRNAmicroRNApregnancyplacentaextracellular vesicles |
| spellingShingle | Milena Žarković Franziska Hufsky Udo R. Markert Manja Marz The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta Cells non-coding RNAs circRNA microRNA pregnancy placenta extracellular vesicles |
| title | The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta |
| title_full | The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta |
| title_short | The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta |
| title_sort | role of non coding rnas in the human placenta |
| topic | non-coding RNAs circRNA microRNA pregnancy placenta extracellular vesicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1588 |
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