MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice
The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein fr...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/5/441 |
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| author | Hye-Jung Kim Hye Won Kwak Kyung Won Kang Yoo-Jin Bang Yu-Sun Lee Hyeong-Jun Park Jae-Yong Kim Hyo-Jung Park Kyung-Ah Hwang Sang-Myeong Lee Jae-Hwan Nam |
| author_facet | Hye-Jung Kim Hye Won Kwak Kyung Won Kang Yoo-Jin Bang Yu-Sun Lee Hyeong-Jun Park Jae-Yong Kim Hyo-Jung Park Kyung-Ah Hwang Sang-Myeong Lee Jae-Hwan Nam |
| author_sort | Hye-Jung Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4886507f6ad3401e97a1779b28db1ee0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4886507f6ad3401e97a1779b28db1ee02023-11-19T23:59:23ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-05-0112544110.3390/pharmaceutics12050441MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in MiceHye-Jung Kim0Hye Won Kwak1Kyung Won Kang2Yoo-Jin Bang3Yu-Sun Lee4Hyeong-Jun Park5Jae-Yong Kim6Hyo-Jung Park7Kyung-Ah Hwang8Sang-Myeong Lee9Jae-Hwan Nam10Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDivision of Biotechnology, The Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaDepartment of Research and Development, SML Genetree Research, Seoul 06741, KoreaDivision of Biotechnology, The Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, KoreaThe effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/5/441intramuscular immunizationintranasal immunizationRNA adjuvantprotein-based vaccineinactivated vaccineMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoA) |
| spellingShingle | Hye-Jung Kim Hye Won Kwak Kyung Won Kang Yoo-Jin Bang Yu-Sun Lee Hyeong-Jun Park Jae-Yong Kim Hyo-Jung Park Kyung-Ah Hwang Sang-Myeong Lee Jae-Hwan Nam MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice Pharmaceutics intramuscular immunization intranasal immunization RNA adjuvant protein-based vaccine inactivated vaccine Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoA) |
| title | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
| title_full | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
| title_fullStr | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
| title_short | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
| title_sort | mers cov spike protein vaccine and inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single strand rna adjuvant induce t cell activation through intranasal immunization in mice |
| topic | intramuscular immunization intranasal immunization RNA adjuvant protein-based vaccine inactivated vaccine Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/5/441 |
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