The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/5/1107 |
| _version_ | 1797474154513956864 |
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| author | Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Ortega Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon Oscar Fraile-Martinez Adoración Romero-Bazán Guillermo Lahera José Manuel Montes-Rodríguez Rosa M. Molina-Ruiz Fernando Mora Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez Javier Quintero Melchor Álvarez-Mon |
| author_facet | Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Ortega Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon Oscar Fraile-Martinez Adoración Romero-Bazán Guillermo Lahera José Manuel Montes-Rodríguez Rosa M. Molina-Ruiz Fernando Mora Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez Javier Quintero Melchor Álvarez-Mon |
| author_sort | Cielo García-Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-488bd68fba364d759d904b68d6d835e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-488bd68fba364d759d904b68d6d835e02023-11-23T23:34:38ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-03-01145110710.3390/nu14051107The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender PerspectiveCielo García-Montero0Miguel A. Ortega1Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon2Oscar Fraile-Martinez3Adoración Romero-Bazán4Guillermo Lahera5José Manuel Montes-Rodríguez6Rosa M. Molina-Ruiz7Fernando Mora8Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez9Javier Quintero10Melchor Álvarez-Mon11Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, IdiSSC, 28034 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/5/1107depressionstressmalnutritiondeficienciessex differencesmenstrual cycle |
| spellingShingle | Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Ortega Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon Oscar Fraile-Martinez Adoración Romero-Bazán Guillermo Lahera José Manuel Montes-Rodríguez Rosa M. Molina-Ruiz Fernando Mora Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez Javier Quintero Melchor Álvarez-Mon The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective Nutrients depression stress malnutrition deficiencies sex differences menstrual cycle |
| title | The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective |
| title_full | The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective |
| title_fullStr | The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective |
| title_short | The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective |
| title_sort | problem of malnutrition associated with major depressive disorder from a sex gender perspective |
| topic | depression stress malnutrition deficiencies sex differences menstrual cycle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/5/1107 |
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