Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring
The increasing prevalence of hypertension necessitates continuous blood pressure monitoring. This can be safely and painlessly achieved using non-invasive wearable electronic devices. However, the integration of analog, digital, and power electronics into a single system poses significant challenges...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/9/1676 |
| _version_ | 1797578798128955392 |
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| author | Sameh O. Abdellatif Afaf Moustafa Ahmed Khalid Rami Ghannam |
| author_facet | Sameh O. Abdellatif Afaf Moustafa Ahmed Khalid Rami Ghannam |
| author_sort | Sameh O. Abdellatif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing prevalence of hypertension necessitates continuous blood pressure monitoring. This can be safely and painlessly achieved using non-invasive wearable electronic devices. However, the integration of analog, digital, and power electronics into a single system poses significant challenges. Therefore, we demonstrated a comprehensive multi-scale simulation of a sensor-on-chip that was based on a capacitive pressure sensor. Two analog interfacing circuits were proposed for a full-scale operation ranging from 0 V to 5 V, enabling efficient digital data processing. We also demonstrated the integration of lead-free perovskite solar cells as a mechanism for self-powering the sensor. The proposed system exhibits varying sensitivity from 1.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 0.095 (kPa)<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the pressure range of measurement. In the most optimal configuration, the system consumed 50.5 mW, encompassing a 6.487 mm<sup>2</sup> area for the perovskite cell and a CMOS layout area of 1.78 × 1.232 mm<sup>2</sup>. These results underline the potential for such sensor-on-chip designs in future wearable health-monitoring technologies. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of wearable health-monitoring technologies by presenting a novel approach to self-powered blood pressure monitoring through the integration of capacitive pressure sensors, analog interfacing circuits, and lead-free perovskite solar cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:26:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4890cbac14654534aeeb0dbf03bc99dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:26:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4890cbac14654534aeeb0dbf03bc99dc2023-11-19T11:59:05ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-08-01149167610.3390/mi14091676Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health MonitoringSameh O. Abdellatif0Afaf Moustafa1Ahmed Khalid2Rami Ghannam3The Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, EgyptThe Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, EgyptThe Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, EgyptJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKThe increasing prevalence of hypertension necessitates continuous blood pressure monitoring. This can be safely and painlessly achieved using non-invasive wearable electronic devices. However, the integration of analog, digital, and power electronics into a single system poses significant challenges. Therefore, we demonstrated a comprehensive multi-scale simulation of a sensor-on-chip that was based on a capacitive pressure sensor. Two analog interfacing circuits were proposed for a full-scale operation ranging from 0 V to 5 V, enabling efficient digital data processing. We also demonstrated the integration of lead-free perovskite solar cells as a mechanism for self-powering the sensor. The proposed system exhibits varying sensitivity from 1.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 0.095 (kPa)<sup>−1</sup>, depending on the pressure range of measurement. In the most optimal configuration, the system consumed 50.5 mW, encompassing a 6.487 mm<sup>2</sup> area for the perovskite cell and a CMOS layout area of 1.78 × 1.232 mm<sup>2</sup>. These results underline the potential for such sensor-on-chip designs in future wearable health-monitoring technologies. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of wearable health-monitoring technologies by presenting a novel approach to self-powered blood pressure monitoring through the integration of capacitive pressure sensors, analog interfacing circuits, and lead-free perovskite solar cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/9/1676finite element analysiscircuit layoutlead-free perovskitepower managementflexible electronics |
| spellingShingle | Sameh O. Abdellatif Afaf Moustafa Ahmed Khalid Rami Ghannam Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring Micromachines finite element analysis circuit layout lead-free perovskite power management flexible electronics |
| title | Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring |
| title_full | Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring |
| title_short | Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring |
| title_sort | integration of capacitive pressure sensor on chip with lead free perovskite solar cells for continuous health monitoring |
| topic | finite element analysis circuit layout lead-free perovskite power management flexible electronics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/9/1676 |
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