Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens
Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1259 |
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| author | Alex van Belkum Carina Almeida Benjamin Bardiaux Sarah V. Barrass Sarah J. Butcher Tuğçe Çaykara Sounak Chowdhury Rucha Datar Ian Eastwood Adrian Goldman Manisha Goyal Lotta Happonen Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Theis Jacobsen Pirjo H. Johnson Volkhard A. J. Kempf Andreas Kiessling Juan Leva Bueno Anchal Malik Johan Malmström Ina Meuskens Paul A. Milner Michael Nilges Nicole Pamme Sally A. Peyman Ligia R. Rodrigues Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos Maria G. Sande Carla Joana Silva Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak Thilo Stehle Arno Thibau Diana J. Vaca Dirk Linke |
| author_facet | Alex van Belkum Carina Almeida Benjamin Bardiaux Sarah V. Barrass Sarah J. Butcher Tuğçe Çaykara Sounak Chowdhury Rucha Datar Ian Eastwood Adrian Goldman Manisha Goyal Lotta Happonen Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Theis Jacobsen Pirjo H. Johnson Volkhard A. J. Kempf Andreas Kiessling Juan Leva Bueno Anchal Malik Johan Malmström Ina Meuskens Paul A. Milner Michael Nilges Nicole Pamme Sally A. Peyman Ligia R. Rodrigues Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos Maria G. Sande Carla Joana Silva Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak Thilo Stehle Arno Thibau Diana J. Vaca Dirk Linke |
| author_sort | Alex van Belkum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests. Basic science and translational research are needed to identify key microbial molecules as diagnostic targets, to identify relevant host counterparts, and to use this knowledge in developing or improving IVD. In this regard, an overlooked feature is the capacity of pathogens to adhere specifically to host cells and tissues. The molecular entities relevant for pathogen–surface interaction are the so-called adhesins. Adhesins vary from protein compounds to (poly-)saccharides or lipid structures that interact with eukaryotic host cell matrix molecules and receptors. Such interactions co-define the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test. Currently, adhesin-receptor binding is typically used in the pre-analytical phase of IVD tests, focusing on pathogen enrichment. Further exploration of adhesin–ligand interaction, supported by present high-throughput “omics” technologies, might stimulate a new generation of broadly applicable pathogen detection and characterization tools. This review describes recent results of novel structure-defining technologies allowing for detailed molecular analysis of adhesins, their receptors and complexes. Since the host ligands evolve slowly, the corresponding adhesin interaction is under selective pressure to maintain a constant receptor binding domain. IVD should exploit such conserved binding sites and, in particular, use the human ligand to enrich the pathogen. We provide an inventory of methods based on adhesion factors and pathogen attachment mechanisms, which can also be of relevance to currently emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-489cc0016c134be3b318bf59f4b4c4f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-489cc0016c134be3b318bf59f4b4c4f12023-11-22T03:35:09ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-07-01117125910.3390/diagnostics11071259Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging PathogensAlex van Belkum0Carina Almeida1Benjamin Bardiaux2Sarah V. Barrass3Sarah J. Butcher4Tuğçe Çaykara5Sounak Chowdhury6Rucha Datar7Ian Eastwood8Adrian Goldman9Manisha Goyal10Lotta Happonen11Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre12Theis Jacobsen13Pirjo H. Johnson14Volkhard A. J. Kempf15Andreas Kiessling16Juan Leva Bueno17Anchal Malik18Johan Malmström19Ina Meuskens20Paul A. Milner21Michael Nilges22Nicole Pamme23Sally A. Peyman24Ligia R. Rodrigues25Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos26Maria G. Sande27Carla Joana Silva28Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak29Thilo Stehle30Arno Thibau31Diana J. Vaca32Dirk Linke33BioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, FranceBiomode, 4715-330 Braga, PortugalInstitut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandCentre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, PortugalDivision of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, SwedenBioMérieux, Microbiology R&D, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, FranceEluceda, Burnley BB11 5UB, UKDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandBioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, FranceDivision of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, SwedenInstitut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, FranceInstitut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, FranceSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, GermanySchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKDivision of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, NorwaySchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKInstitut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, FranceSchool of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UKSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKCEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalSchool of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UKCEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalCentre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, PortugalInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyInterfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDepartment of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, NorwayInfectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests. Basic science and translational research are needed to identify key microbial molecules as diagnostic targets, to identify relevant host counterparts, and to use this knowledge in developing or improving IVD. In this regard, an overlooked feature is the capacity of pathogens to adhere specifically to host cells and tissues. The molecular entities relevant for pathogen–surface interaction are the so-called adhesins. Adhesins vary from protein compounds to (poly-)saccharides or lipid structures that interact with eukaryotic host cell matrix molecules and receptors. Such interactions co-define the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test. Currently, adhesin-receptor binding is typically used in the pre-analytical phase of IVD tests, focusing on pathogen enrichment. Further exploration of adhesin–ligand interaction, supported by present high-throughput “omics” technologies, might stimulate a new generation of broadly applicable pathogen detection and characterization tools. This review describes recent results of novel structure-defining technologies allowing for detailed molecular analysis of adhesins, their receptors and complexes. Since the host ligands evolve slowly, the corresponding adhesin interaction is under selective pressure to maintain a constant receptor binding domain. IVD should exploit such conserved binding sites and, in particular, use the human ligand to enrich the pathogen. We provide an inventory of methods based on adhesion factors and pathogen attachment mechanisms, which can also be of relevance to currently emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1259adhesinreceptorinfectious diseasesdiagnostics |
| spellingShingle | Alex van Belkum Carina Almeida Benjamin Bardiaux Sarah V. Barrass Sarah J. Butcher Tuğçe Çaykara Sounak Chowdhury Rucha Datar Ian Eastwood Adrian Goldman Manisha Goyal Lotta Happonen Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Theis Jacobsen Pirjo H. Johnson Volkhard A. J. Kempf Andreas Kiessling Juan Leva Bueno Anchal Malik Johan Malmström Ina Meuskens Paul A. Milner Michael Nilges Nicole Pamme Sally A. Peyman Ligia R. Rodrigues Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos Maria G. Sande Carla Joana Silva Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak Thilo Stehle Arno Thibau Diana J. Vaca Dirk Linke Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens Diagnostics adhesin receptor infectious diseases diagnostics |
| title | Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens |
| title_full | Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens |
| title_short | Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens |
| title_sort | host pathogen adhesion as the basis of innovative diagnostics for emerging pathogens |
| topic | adhesin receptor infectious diseases diagnostics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1259 |
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