A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis
In order to reveal the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau, improve the prevention awareness and measures of local residents and urge the local government to implement necessary prevention and control measures,...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3277 |
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| author | Peiru Wei Tianjie Shao Ruojin Wang Zongyan Chen Zhongdi Zhang Zhiping Xu Yadi Zhu Dongze Li Lijuan Fu Feier Wang |
| author_facet | Peiru Wei Tianjie Shao Ruojin Wang Zongyan Chen Zhongdi Zhang Zhiping Xu Yadi Zhu Dongze Li Lijuan Fu Feier Wang |
| author_sort | Peiru Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to reveal the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau, improve the prevention awareness and measures of local residents and urge the local government to implement necessary prevention and control measures, nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface soil samples of the region around the Qinghai Lake have been collected and analyzed. The methods such as statistic method, geo-accumulation index method, Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method, human health risk evaluation method and positive matrix factor analysis model (PMF) have been used to evaluate pollution characteristics and potential risks and analyze the sources of heavy metals. The results are shown below. First, the average contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil are 11.73 ± 3.78, 0.62 ± 1.40, 12.38 ± 3.68, 41.35 ± 13.01, 19.33 ± 8.92, 546.96 ± 159.28, 21.18 ± 7.04, 21.86 ± 6.61 and 63.51 ± 19.71 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Compared with the background values of the soil environment in Qinghai Province, it can be seen that there is an accumulation of these heavy metals to varying degrees, which is the most serious in Cd, Co and Pb. Second, the analysis of the geo-accumulation index and Nemerow index indicates that the heavy metals in the surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake have reached the level of heavy pollution, mainly polluted by Cd, and the accumulation of heavy metal pollution in the north, south, southwest and southeast of the study area is more serious. Third, the results of potential ecological risk evaluation show that the study area as a whole is classified as an area with high ecological risk, and Cd contributes the most to the overall risk. In fact, the heavy metals in the soil of the study area produce no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to human health, and children and adults may be exposed to these risks by the mouth. Finally, the PMF results reveal that the sources of heavy metals in the study area include the sources of agricultural production, the nature, coal burning and transportation, with a contribution rate of 43.10%, 25.34%, 19.67% and 11.89%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:39:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-48a879ecd04841e996a0bf2fb137e951 |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:39:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-48a879ecd04841e996a0bf2fb137e9512023-11-20T21:51:50ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-11-011211327710.3390/w12113277A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source AnalysisPeiru Wei0Tianjie Shao1Ruojin Wang2Zongyan Chen3Zhongdi Zhang4Zhiping Xu5Yadi Zhu6Dongze Li7Lijuan Fu8Feier Wang9School of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, ChinaJiangsu Fangyang Water Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225000, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, ChinaIn order to reveal the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau, improve the prevention awareness and measures of local residents and urge the local government to implement necessary prevention and control measures, nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface soil samples of the region around the Qinghai Lake have been collected and analyzed. The methods such as statistic method, geo-accumulation index method, Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method, human health risk evaluation method and positive matrix factor analysis model (PMF) have been used to evaluate pollution characteristics and potential risks and analyze the sources of heavy metals. The results are shown below. First, the average contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil are 11.73 ± 3.78, 0.62 ± 1.40, 12.38 ± 3.68, 41.35 ± 13.01, 19.33 ± 8.92, 546.96 ± 159.28, 21.18 ± 7.04, 21.86 ± 6.61 and 63.51 ± 19.71 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Compared with the background values of the soil environment in Qinghai Province, it can be seen that there is an accumulation of these heavy metals to varying degrees, which is the most serious in Cd, Co and Pb. Second, the analysis of the geo-accumulation index and Nemerow index indicates that the heavy metals in the surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake have reached the level of heavy pollution, mainly polluted by Cd, and the accumulation of heavy metal pollution in the north, south, southwest and southeast of the study area is more serious. Third, the results of potential ecological risk evaluation show that the study area as a whole is classified as an area with high ecological risk, and Cd contributes the most to the overall risk. In fact, the heavy metals in the soil of the study area produce no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to human health, and children and adults may be exposed to these risks by the mouth. Finally, the PMF results reveal that the sources of heavy metals in the study area include the sources of agricultural production, the nature, coal burning and transportation, with a contribution rate of 43.10%, 25.34%, 19.67% and 11.89%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3277heavy metals in soilhealth risk evaluationsource analysisQinghai Lake |
| spellingShingle | Peiru Wei Tianjie Shao Ruojin Wang Zongyan Chen Zhongdi Zhang Zhiping Xu Yadi Zhu Dongze Li Lijuan Fu Feier Wang A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis Water heavy metals in soil health risk evaluation source analysis Qinghai Lake |
| title | A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis |
| title_full | A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis |
| title_fullStr | A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis |
| title_short | A Study on Heavy Metals in the Surface Soil of the Region around the Qinghai Lake in Tibet Plateau: Pollution Risk Evaluation and Pollution Source Analysis |
| title_sort | study on heavy metals in the surface soil of the region around the qinghai lake in tibet plateau pollution risk evaluation and pollution source analysis |
| topic | heavy metals in soil health risk evaluation source analysis Qinghai Lake |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3277 |
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