<i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil
Organic phosphorus (Po) may play a vital role in phosphorus availability via its mineralization by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), being encoded by <i>phoD</i> gene, in calcareous soil. Understanding the effects of long-term fertilization on the community of <i>phoD</i> harboring...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/363 |
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| author | Peng Lu Yamei Zhang Bingjie Ji Yuan Yan Zhengpei Wang Min Yang Shulan Zhang Xueyun Yang |
| author_facet | Peng Lu Yamei Zhang Bingjie Ji Yuan Yan Zhengpei Wang Min Yang Shulan Zhang Xueyun Yang |
| author_sort | Peng Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organic phosphorus (Po) may play a vital role in phosphorus availability via its mineralization by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), being encoded by <i>phoD</i> gene, in calcareous soil. Understanding the effects of long-term fertilization on the community of <i>phoD</i> harboring bacteria and the related alteration of the P availability owing to the changes in ALP secretion may offer a chance to elucidate the Po contribution to soil available P. Based on a long-term experiment, we analyzed the <i>phoD</i> gene harboring microbial diversity, abundance and composition, ALP and Po forms, and their relationship. The treatments involved were control without any fertilizers (CK), synthetic nitrogen and potassium (NK), synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK and crop stalk return (SNPK), and NPK plus organic manure (MNPK). Fertilization increased the abundance and diversity of <i>phoD</i> gene harboring microbial over CK. Those receiving NPK and NPK treatments integrated with organic supplements significantly improved the relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> but decreased <i>Gemmatimonadetes</i> at the phylum level, while all fertilized treatments appreciably increased the relative abundance of <i>Lysobacter</i> but decreased that of <i>Gemmatirosa</i> and <i>Afipia</i>, at the genus level. SNPK and MNPK treatments noticeably increased the relative abundance of <i>Methylobacter</i> but reduced <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i> relative to those receiving synthetic fertilizer treatments. Long-term fertilization markedly raised ALP activity, which was significantly and positively correlated with the relative abundance of the phylum <i>Proteobacteria</i> as represented by the genera <i>Methylobacterium</i> and <i>Lysobacter</i>. ALP was closely associated with moderately labile Po, followed by enzyme P, recalcitrant Po, and labile Po. The changes in <i>phoD</i> bacteria and ALP were mainly driven by soil organic carbon, Olsen P and pH. We concluded that the long-term fertilization, especially the addition of organic supplements, profoundly modified the soil properties and subsequently changed the diversity and relative abundance of <i>phoD</i> gene harboring bacteria, which promoted the activity of ALP, and thus the mineralization of various forms of Po (mainly moderately labile Po) to enhance the P availability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48aa86becc214935b25f7f8d09ce8f1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:16:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-48aa86becc214935b25f7f8d09ce8f1e2023-11-16T18:33:29ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113236310.3390/agronomy13020363<i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous SoilPeng Lu0Yamei Zhang1Bingjie Ji2Yuan Yan3Zhengpei Wang4Min Yang5Shulan Zhang6Xueyun Yang7College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaOrganic phosphorus (Po) may play a vital role in phosphorus availability via its mineralization by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), being encoded by <i>phoD</i> gene, in calcareous soil. Understanding the effects of long-term fertilization on the community of <i>phoD</i> harboring bacteria and the related alteration of the P availability owing to the changes in ALP secretion may offer a chance to elucidate the Po contribution to soil available P. Based on a long-term experiment, we analyzed the <i>phoD</i> gene harboring microbial diversity, abundance and composition, ALP and Po forms, and their relationship. The treatments involved were control without any fertilizers (CK), synthetic nitrogen and potassium (NK), synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK and crop stalk return (SNPK), and NPK plus organic manure (MNPK). Fertilization increased the abundance and diversity of <i>phoD</i> gene harboring microbial over CK. Those receiving NPK and NPK treatments integrated with organic supplements significantly improved the relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> but decreased <i>Gemmatimonadetes</i> at the phylum level, while all fertilized treatments appreciably increased the relative abundance of <i>Lysobacter</i> but decreased that of <i>Gemmatirosa</i> and <i>Afipia</i>, at the genus level. SNPK and MNPK treatments noticeably increased the relative abundance of <i>Methylobacter</i> but reduced <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i> relative to those receiving synthetic fertilizer treatments. Long-term fertilization markedly raised ALP activity, which was significantly and positively correlated with the relative abundance of the phylum <i>Proteobacteria</i> as represented by the genera <i>Methylobacterium</i> and <i>Lysobacter</i>. ALP was closely associated with moderately labile Po, followed by enzyme P, recalcitrant Po, and labile Po. The changes in <i>phoD</i> bacteria and ALP were mainly driven by soil organic carbon, Olsen P and pH. We concluded that the long-term fertilization, especially the addition of organic supplements, profoundly modified the soil properties and subsequently changed the diversity and relative abundance of <i>phoD</i> gene harboring bacteria, which promoted the activity of ALP, and thus the mineralization of various forms of Po (mainly moderately labile Po) to enhance the P availability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/363alkaline phosphataseorganic phosphorusMiSeq sequencingrelative abundanceavailability of phosphorus |
| spellingShingle | Peng Lu Yamei Zhang Bingjie Ji Yuan Yan Zhengpei Wang Min Yang Shulan Zhang Xueyun Yang <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil Agronomy alkaline phosphatase organic phosphorus MiSeq sequencing relative abundance availability of phosphorus |
| title | <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil |
| title_full | <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil |
| title_fullStr | <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil |
| title_short | <i>PhoD</i> Harboring Microbial Community and Alkaline Phosphatase as Affected by Long Term Fertilization Regimes on a Calcareous Soil |
| title_sort | i phod i harboring microbial community and alkaline phosphatase as affected by long term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil |
| topic | alkaline phosphatase organic phosphorus MiSeq sequencing relative abundance availability of phosphorus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/2/363 |
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