Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms
Foodborne illness outbreaks in the U.S. associated with consumption of both fresh and dried specialty mushrooms have recently occurred. Dried wood ear mushrooms were implicated in a salmonellosis outbreak in 2020, while fresh enoki mushrooms were associated with two listeriosis outbreaks in 2020 and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257053/full |
| _version_ | 1797644406702997504 |
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| author | Joelle K. Salazar Megan L. Fay Bashayer A. Khouja Nirali J. Chavda Gayatri R. Patil David T. Ingram |
| author_facet | Joelle K. Salazar Megan L. Fay Bashayer A. Khouja Nirali J. Chavda Gayatri R. Patil David T. Ingram |
| author_sort | Joelle K. Salazar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foodborne illness outbreaks in the U.S. associated with consumption of both fresh and dried specialty mushrooms have recently occurred. Dried wood ear mushrooms were implicated in a salmonellosis outbreak in 2020, while fresh enoki mushrooms were associated with two listeriosis outbreaks in 2020 and 2023. These specialty mushrooms are commercially available in both their fresh and dried states. Due to the short shelf life of mushrooms, dehydration is a common method used in both industry and by consumers to extend the shelf life and preserve quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of dehydration on the inactivation kinetics of both Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms. Fresh mushrooms were inoculated with four strain cocktails of either L. monocytogenes or S. enterica and dried at ambient conditions for 10 min. Following drying of the inoculum, mushrooms were placed into food dehydrators preheated to 70, 80, or 90°C and treated for up to 24 h. At treatment intervals, mushrooms were removed from the dehydrators for pathogen enumeration. Inactivation kinetics for both pathogens were modeled using the Weibull, log-linear with tail, and log-linear with shoulder models. Pathogen reductions of >4 log CFU/g were achieved on both enoki and wood ear mushrooms during dehydration at 90°C after only 2–4 h. At 70 and 80°C, log reductions of >4 log CFU/g were observed on wood ear mushrooms after 4–8 h. On enoki mushrooms, a tailing effect was observed with residual populations (>2 log CFU/g) of L. monocytogenes and S. enterica remaining even after 24 h of treatment at both 70 and 80°C. This study emphasizes the need for an individualized dehydration strategy for each mushroom type to ensure the effectiveness of dehydration as a process to reduce pathogen populations. Results of this study will aid in informing proper time and temperature combinations for dehydration of specialty mushrooms to ensure product safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:30:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48b79a4de7914e9d8119a3dd047d9743 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:30:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-48b79a4de7914e9d8119a3dd047d97432023-10-31T10:00:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-10-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12570531257053Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushroomsJoelle K. Salazar0Megan L. Fay1Bashayer A. Khouja2Nirali J. Chavda3Gayatri R. Patil4David T. Ingram5Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, United StatesDivision of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, United StatesDivision of Food Processing Science and Technology, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, United StatesDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL, United StatesDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL, United StatesDivision of Produce Safety, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United StatesFoodborne illness outbreaks in the U.S. associated with consumption of both fresh and dried specialty mushrooms have recently occurred. Dried wood ear mushrooms were implicated in a salmonellosis outbreak in 2020, while fresh enoki mushrooms were associated with two listeriosis outbreaks in 2020 and 2023. These specialty mushrooms are commercially available in both their fresh and dried states. Due to the short shelf life of mushrooms, dehydration is a common method used in both industry and by consumers to extend the shelf life and preserve quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of dehydration on the inactivation kinetics of both Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms. Fresh mushrooms were inoculated with four strain cocktails of either L. monocytogenes or S. enterica and dried at ambient conditions for 10 min. Following drying of the inoculum, mushrooms were placed into food dehydrators preheated to 70, 80, or 90°C and treated for up to 24 h. At treatment intervals, mushrooms were removed from the dehydrators for pathogen enumeration. Inactivation kinetics for both pathogens were modeled using the Weibull, log-linear with tail, and log-linear with shoulder models. Pathogen reductions of >4 log CFU/g were achieved on both enoki and wood ear mushrooms during dehydration at 90°C after only 2–4 h. At 70 and 80°C, log reductions of >4 log CFU/g were observed on wood ear mushrooms after 4–8 h. On enoki mushrooms, a tailing effect was observed with residual populations (>2 log CFU/g) of L. monocytogenes and S. enterica remaining even after 24 h of treatment at both 70 and 80°C. This study emphasizes the need for an individualized dehydration strategy for each mushroom type to ensure the effectiveness of dehydration as a process to reduce pathogen populations. Results of this study will aid in informing proper time and temperature combinations for dehydration of specialty mushrooms to ensure product safety.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257053/fullfungidehydrationheat treatmentinactivation kineticsListeriaSalmonella |
| spellingShingle | Joelle K. Salazar Megan L. Fay Bashayer A. Khouja Nirali J. Chavda Gayatri R. Patil David T. Ingram Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms Frontiers in Microbiology fungi dehydration heat treatment inactivation kinetics Listeria Salmonella |
| title | Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| title_full | Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| title_fullStr | Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| title_short | Effect of dehydration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| title_sort | effect of dehydration on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms |
| topic | fungi dehydration heat treatment inactivation kinetics Listeria Salmonella |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257053/full |
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