Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
BackgroundMedical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the CO...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.814981/full |
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| author | Umar Muhammad Bello Umar Muhammad Bello Priya Kannan Muhammad Chutiyami Dauda Salihu Allen M. Y. Cheong Allen M. Y. Cheong Tiev Miller Joe Wing Pun Abdullahi Salisu Muhammad Fatima Ado Mahmud Hussaina Abubakar Jalo Mohammed Usman Ali Mohammed Usman Ali Mustapha Adam Kolo Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman Aliyu Lawan Aliyu Lawan Isma'il Muhammad Bello Amina Abdullahi Gambo Stanley John Winser |
| author_facet | Umar Muhammad Bello Umar Muhammad Bello Priya Kannan Muhammad Chutiyami Dauda Salihu Allen M. Y. Cheong Allen M. Y. Cheong Tiev Miller Joe Wing Pun Abdullahi Salisu Muhammad Fatima Ado Mahmud Hussaina Abubakar Jalo Mohammed Usman Ali Mohammed Usman Ali Mustapha Adam Kolo Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman Aliyu Lawan Aliyu Lawan Isma'il Muhammad Bello Amina Abdullahi Gambo Stanley John Winser |
| author_sort | Umar Muhammad Bello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMedical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associated risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases African Journal Online, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception until 30th September 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the general populace in African settings were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Meta-analyses on prevalence rates were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.ResultsSeventy-eight primary studies (62,380 participants) were identified from 2,325 studies via electronic and manual searches. Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety (47%, 95% CI: 40–54%, I2 = 99.19%) and depression (48%, 95% CI: 39–57%, I2 = 99.45%) were reported across Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex (female) and history of existing medical/chronic conditions were identified as major risk factors for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsThe evidence put forth in this synthesis demonstrates the substantial impact of the pandemic on the pervasiveness of these psychological symptoms among the general population. Governments and stakeholders across continental Africa should therefore prioritize the allocation of available resources to institute educational programs and other intervention strategies for preventing and ameliorating universal distress and promoting psychological wellbeing.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021228023, PROSPERO CRD42021228023. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48b9971aa4f24cbc83bf486f4c53a4c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-48b9971aa4f24cbc83bf486f4c53a4c52022-12-22T03:24:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-05-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.814981814981Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisUmar Muhammad Bello0Umar Muhammad Bello1Priya Kannan2Muhammad Chutiyami3Dauda Salihu4Allen M. Y. Cheong5Allen M. Y. Cheong6Tiev Miller7Joe Wing Pun8Abdullahi Salisu Muhammad9Fatima Ado Mahmud10Hussaina Abubakar Jalo11Mohammed Usman Ali12Mohammed Usman Ali13Mustapha Adam Kolo14Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman15Aliyu Lawan16Aliyu Lawan17Isma'il Muhammad Bello18Amina Abdullahi Gambo19Stanley John Winser20Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, NigeriaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Nursing, Institute of Health and Management, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSchool of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaCentre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, NigeriaPhysiotherapy Department, Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, NigeriaDepartment of Paediatrics, Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, NigeriaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria0Department of Geography, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria1Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, NigeriaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria2Department of Rehabilitation Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada3Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria4Department of Paediatrics, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, NigeriaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaBackgroundMedical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associated risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases African Journal Online, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception until 30th September 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the general populace in African settings were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Meta-analyses on prevalence rates were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.ResultsSeventy-eight primary studies (62,380 participants) were identified from 2,325 studies via electronic and manual searches. Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety (47%, 95% CI: 40–54%, I2 = 99.19%) and depression (48%, 95% CI: 39–57%, I2 = 99.45%) were reported across Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex (female) and history of existing medical/chronic conditions were identified as major risk factors for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsThe evidence put forth in this synthesis demonstrates the substantial impact of the pandemic on the pervasiveness of these psychological symptoms among the general population. Governments and stakeholders across continental Africa should therefore prioritize the allocation of available resources to institute educational programs and other intervention strategies for preventing and ameliorating universal distress and promoting psychological wellbeing.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021228023, PROSPERO CRD42021228023.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.814981/fullAfricaCOVID-19pandemicsanxietydepression |
| spellingShingle | Umar Muhammad Bello Umar Muhammad Bello Priya Kannan Muhammad Chutiyami Dauda Salihu Allen M. Y. Cheong Allen M. Y. Cheong Tiev Miller Joe Wing Pun Abdullahi Salisu Muhammad Fatima Ado Mahmud Hussaina Abubakar Jalo Mohammed Usman Ali Mohammed Usman Ali Mustapha Adam Kolo Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman Aliyu Lawan Aliyu Lawan Isma'il Muhammad Bello Amina Abdullahi Gambo Stanley John Winser Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Frontiers in Public Health Africa COVID-19 pandemics anxiety depression |
| title | Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general population in africa during the covid 19 pandemic a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Africa COVID-19 pandemics anxiety depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.814981/full |
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